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551.
132:253192
Preparation of chlorine dioxide disinfectant and apparatus for
generating same.
Xu, Fei; Zhao, Liqun (Sijia Environmental Egineering Co., Ltd., Beijing,
Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu
CN 1212839 A 7 Apr 1999, 6 pp. (Chinese). (People's Republic of
China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: A01N059-00. ICS:
C01B011-02. APPLICATION: CN 1998-101677 30 Apr 1998.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 49 (Industrial Inorganic
Chemicals) Section cross-reference(s): 61, 63
The chlorine dioxide disinfectant is prepd. by making a 540 g/L NaClO3
soln. to react with a 31% HCl soln. in neg.-pressure two-stage reactor
having 1st and 2nd-stage reaction chambers at 40* and 70*, resp., to
obtain ClO2 and Cl2, and then aerating heated air. The vol. ratio of the
NaClO3 soln. to the HCl soln. is 1:1. The app. includes charging
device, tandem two-stage reactor, heating tank, inlet duct, collection
chamber and its heating tank, water jet injector, safety device, etc.
552.
132:247439
Soil microbicidal compositions containing chlorite salts and minerals
and soil sterilization.
Ogawa, Katsutoshi (Chisso Corp., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho
JP 2000095624 A2 4 Apr 2000, 12 pp. (Japanese). (Japan).
CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM: A01N059-08. ICS: A01N025-00;
A01N025-08; A01N025-12; C09K017-02; C09K101-00.
APPLICATION: JP 1998-268003 22 Sep 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 5 (Agrochemical Bioregulators)
The compns. contain (A) alkali metal chlorites and/or alk. earth metal
chlorites as solid microbicide components and (B) solid diluents contg.
nonhygroscopic inorg. salts free of reducing compds. and/or purified,
dried, and neutral or alk. minerals contg. *0.001% metals and *0.1%
metal oxides. Soil is sterilized by uniform application of the compns.
The soil is preferably covered with poly(vinyl chloride) or polyolefin
mulch film to prevent diffusion of ClO2 to the air. The compns. also
inhibit germination of weed seeds in soils. A pot contg. alluvial soil, to
which a mixt. of 200 g Silbrite (80% NaClO2 powder) and 8 g K2SO4
was added, was covered with a PVC sheet at 24-26* for 7 days, and
then exposed to sunlight at 28-32* for 5 days. No living nematodes,
fungi, bacteria, and Actinomycetes were detected in the soil. Addn. of
Fe3O2 to the soil shortened the time to show complete microbicidal
effect.
553.
132:241714
Mouthwashes, sprays or pastes for halitosis.
Ge, Xiaoming (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1195518 A 14 Oct 1998,4 pp. (Chinese). (People's
Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: A61K007-20.
APPLICATION: CN 1997-103902 10 Apr 1997. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 62 (Essential Oils and Cosmetics)
Mouthwashes, sprays or pastes for halitosis comprise * 0.2% H2O2 or
ClO2 soln.
554.
132:241586
Detection and reduction of biofilms in industrial cooling waters.
Beardwood, Edward S.; Therrien, Jerry K. (Drew Industrial Division,
Ashland Canada Inc., Ajax, ON, Can.). Off. Proc. - Int. Water Conf.,
60th, 552-573 (English) 1999 Engineers' Society of Western
Pennsylvania. CODEN: OIWCEQ. ISSN: 0739-4977. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water)
The detection and control of planktonic microorganisms has been well
understood and practiced over the years. However, the fouling and
corrosion assocd. with sessile bacterial development of biofilms
continues to be an area of concern. A portable online corrosion and
fouling monitor was utilized to provide early detection of biofilm
formation and subsequent detection of biofouling redn. A no. of key
points and factors influencing the detection and performance of foulant
redn. are discussed.
555.
132:241584
Cooling towers & secondary waste water makeup: four years'
operating experience.
DeBenedetto, Robert; Freedman, Arthur J.; Boschetti, Drew; Hays,
George F. (Public Service Electric and Gas Company, Ridgefield, NJ,
USA). Off. Proc. - Int. Water Conf., 60th, 331-343 (English) 1999
Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania. CODEN: OIWCEQ.
ISSN: 0739-4977. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61
(Water) Section cross-reference(s): 60
This report describes 4 yr of operating experience in a 650-MW
combined cycle power station incorporating film fill cooling towers
using secondary sewage effluent as makeup water. Biofouling is
controlled with chlorine dioxide. A water treatment task force was
formed and procedures were developed to resolve emerging chem.
and mech. issues.
556.
132:238543
ECF bleaching system for hard wood pulp.
Sato, Takashi; Dairaku, Toshio (Ahlstrom Sumiju K. K., Japan).
Sumitomo Jukikai Giho, 47(140), 47-50 (Japanese) 1999 Sumitomo
Jukikai Kogyo K.K. CODEN: SJGHA8. ISSN: 0387-1304.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper,
and Other Wood Products)
Formerly, wood pulps have been bleached by elementary chlorine at
the first bleaching stage due to mainly its low cost and its high
bleachability. Since the problem of discharge of the Dioxin became hot
in the world, the ECF (Elementary Chlorine Free) bleaching methods
have been developed. And nowadays, many mills in Europe and USA
have introduced ECF method in their facilities. In addn., as the Cluste
Rule proposed by Environmental Protection Agency of USA has
become effective last year, people forecast that all new facilities would
be constructed with ECF method. Ahlstrom Sumijyu KK delivered ECF
facilities to Niigata mill of Hokuetsu Paper mills, Ltd. based on the
technol. of Ahlstrom machinery who is one of our parent companies.
And this plant is the first ECF bleaching system for hard wood pulp in
Japan and it has successfully started up in Mar. 1998. This report will
clarify the advantages of ECF method using ClO2-Oxygen-added
extn.-ClO2-neutralization-ClO2 sequence, with actual data.
557.
132:238513
Use of chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of pulp: a re-evaluation of
ecological risks based on scientific progress since 1993.
Bright, D. A.; Hodson, P. V.; Lehitinen, K. -J.; McKague, B.; Rodgers,
J.; Solomon, K. (Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON, Can.). Pulp Pap. Can.,
101(1), 53-55 (English) 2000 Southam Inc. CODEN: PPCAAA. ISSN:
0316-4004. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; General Review CA Section:
43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products)
A review with 11 refs. on studies published since 1993 to assess the
ecol. risks assocd. with final effluents from pulp mills using 100% ClO2
in pulp bleaching processes is presented. All available data indicate
that chlorinated compds. in effluents from pulp mills that employ 100%
ClO2 bleaching are of very limited persistence and not strongly
bio-accumulative. Chlorinated compd. concns. in final effluent
(following secondary treatment) comprise a negligible risk to aquatic
organisms in comparison with the known toxicol. thresholds.
558.
132:236253
Sterilization of onions and garlic by using oxidizing agents under
pressure.
Bautista, James M.; Houry, Omar; Mirko, Dave A.; Schabel, Gary N. (
Dionex Corporation, USA). U.S. US 6045846 A 4 Apr 2000, 4 pp.
(English). (United States of America). CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS:
ICM: A23B007-157. ICS: A23L003-358. NCL: 426335000.
APPLICATION: US 1998-216084 18 Dec 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry)
A method for sterilizing fresh produce (e.g., onions) comprises
contacting the produce with an aq. soln. of an oxidizing agent (e.g.,
hydrogen peroxide) under a pressure of at least 25 psi for sufficient
time to significantly reduce the microbiol. count. Thus, a 10% hydrogen
peroxide soln. is used at 200 psi for 60 s to sterilize onions.
559.
132:229060
Electron scattering in chlorine dioxide.
Field, D.; Jones, N. C.; Gingell, J. M.; Mason, N. J.; Lunt, S. L.; Ziesel,
J-P. (ISA, University of Arhus, Ny Munkegade DK-8000, Den.). J. Phys.
B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys., 33(5), 1039-1046 (English) 2000 Institute of
Physics Publishing. CODEN: JPAPEH. ISSN: 0953-4075.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 73 (Optical, Electron, and
Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related Properties)
Cross sections are reported for total integral and backward scattering
of electrons from chlorine dioxide (OClO) for energies in the range
20-500 meV. The measurements were made in transmission expts.
using a synchrotron radiation photoionization app. with an energy
resoln. in the incident electron beam of ~1.0 meV (FWHM). Integral
and backward scattering cross sections are reported. The present
integral cross-section values are a correction to those reported in an
earlier publication which are too low due to the presence of an impurity
in the original OClO samples. The abs. accuracy of the integral cross
sections is limited by exptl. difficulties with respect to strong rotationally
inelastic forward scattering due to the dipolar nature of the target mols.
Backward scattering data provide good evidence that dissociative
attachment occurs through p-wave attachment. Comparison is made
with predictions of the 1st Born pure dipole approxn. for both total and
backward scattering with excellent agreement >100 meV with integral
scattering data, but showing a significant underestimate for backward
scattering cross sections. Behavior at energies <100 meV represents
competition between inelastic scattering and attachment and is not well
understood.
560.
132:229035
A pump-probe photoionization mass spectrometer utilizing tunable
extreme ultraviolet laser-produced-plasma radiation.
Flesch, R.; Schurmann, M. C.; Hunnekuhl, M.; Meiss, H.; Plenge, J.;
Ruhl, E. (Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Osnabruck, Osnabruck
D-49069, Germany). Rev. Sci. Instrum., 71(3), 1319-1324 (English)
2000 American Institute of Physics. CODEN: RSINAK. ISSN:
0034-6748. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 73 (Optical,
Electron, and Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related Properties)
Section cross-reference(s): 74
An exptl. device is reported that uses time-correlated nanosecond light
pulses in combination with photoionization mass spectrometry. A
primary light pulse is generated by a tunable dye laser in the UV
regime, which photolyzes neutral gas targets under collision free
conditions. Subsequently, a time-correlated extreme UV-light pulse
comes from a laser-produced plasma that is monochromatized in the
10-25 eV regime. The photolysis products are ionized by 1-photon
absorption, so that the cations are finally detected by time-of-flight
mass spectrometry. The performance of this exptl. approach was
characterized by studying the primary photolysis products of Cl dioxide.
Finally, possible applications of this approach are briefly discussed.
561.
132:227172
Use of xanthan gum for gelling chlorine dioxide.
Alliger, Howard (USA ). U.S. US 6039934 A 21 Mar 2000,8 pp.
(English). (United States of America). CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS:
ICM: A61K007-20. ICS: A61K033-20. NCL: 424053000.
APPLICATION: US 1998-128898 4 Aug 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 62 (Essential Oils and Cosmetics)
The invention described relates to gelled chlorine dioxide compns.
comprising water, an acid, a water-sol. chlorite salt and a gelling agent
in two parts A and B, wherein the gelling agent is xanthan gum or a
mixt. of xanthan gum and an acid stable gelling agents. Compns.
according to the invention are storage stable for at least 6 mo,
preferably at least about year. A skin protectant compn. contained
Keltrol 2, sodium chlorite 2, sodium hydroxide 0.36, and water q.s.
100% in part A, and Keltrol 2, glycerin 40, phosphoric acid 1.3,
Nacconol 90G, 0.2, glutaraldehyde 0.03, and fragrance 0.02, and
Water q.s. 100% in part B. The gel may be used immediately upon
mixing parts A and B.
562.
132:227052
Evaluation of chlorine dioxide as a microbiological water purifier.
Ijaz, M. Khalid; Suchmann, Donna B.; Pugh, John C.; Graczyk,
Thaddeus K.; Sattar, Syed A. (MicroBio Test, Inc., Sterling, VA 20164,
USA). Chem. Times Trends, 23(1), 38-43 (English) 2000 Chemical
Specialties Manufacturers Association, Inc. CODEN: CTTRDY. ISSN:
0149-2381. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water)
Section cross-reference(s): 10
Generally, chem. disinfection is the most convenient, reliable means to
prevent transmission of infectious agents through drinking water;
however, disinfectants such as Cl2 may generate toxic byproducts and
have difficulty inactivating encysted pathogenic protozoa. In view of the
need for safer, more effective Cl2 substitutes, the ability of ClO2 to
inactivate prototypical water-borne bacteria, viruses, and protozoa
using USEPA guidelines for testing water purifiers, was studied. Test
bacteria (Klebsiella terrigena, ATCC 33257; Salmonella choleraesuis,
ATCC 10708; Escherichia coli, ATCC 11229; Legionella pneumophila,
ATCC 33153), viruses (Poliovirus type 1, ATCC VR-59; Rotavirus
SA-11, ATCC VR-899), and protozoa (Cryptosporidium parvum
oocysts from US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, and
Giardia muris cysts from Oregon Health Sciences University) were
suspended in USEPA water. Bacteria and virus viability was detd.
using std. in-vitro assays; neonatal mice were used to assay cyst and
oocyst viability. CLO2 exposure at a final concn. of 2 ppm in water for
10 min at pH 7, 9, and 4, and at 1*, 20*, and 5*, was effective in
producing a >6-log redn. in the titer of all bacterial strains tested.
Similar treatments of rotavirus and poliovirus produced a >4-log redn.
in titer at pH 7 and 9. Protozoa were tested only in water at pH 7, which
was exposed to either 3 or 4 ppm ClO2 for 30-min; treatment at both
CLO2 concns. totally abolished infectivity of the 2 protozoa by >3-log.
ClO2 was highly effective in inactivating representatives of bacteria,
viruses, and protozoa known to spread through exposure to polluted
waters. In addn. to its relatively fast, broad-spectrum germicidal
activity, ClO2 is less prone to generating toxic disinfection byproducts
and, like Cl2, can maintain a disinfectant residual in treated water. In
view of this, further work is needed to examine its use in municipal
water treatment and for disinfection of hospital, veterinary settings, and
food industry water.
563.
132:223988
Increase of chlorine dioxide yield.
Zheng, Zhining (Nanning Phoenix Pulp and Paper Co., Ltd., Nanning
530031, Peop. Rep. China). Zhongguo Zaozhi, 18(4), 16-19 (Chinese)
1999 Zhongguo Zaozhi Xuehui. CODEN: ZHZADC. ISSN:
0254-508X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose,
Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products) Section cross-reference(s):
45
The prodn. methods of ClO2 were introduced based on practice.
Prodn. of ClO2 from methanol and NaClO3 by R8 method was
described. Effects affecting the yield of ClO2 were discussed, which
were reaction efficiency and loss in the prodn. Measures for improving
the yield of ClO2 were introduced.
564.
132:223949
Deodorization of sulfur-containing solvents by oxidation.
Isganitis, Louis V.; Smith, Thomas W. (Xerox Corp., USA). U.S. US
6042640 A 28 Mar 2000, 11 pp. (English). (United States of America).
CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS: ICM: C09D011-02. ICS: C02F001-72;
C02F001-76. NCL: 106031020. APPLICATION: US 1998-106379 29
Jun 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 42 (Coatings, Inks,
and Related Products)
Disclosed is a process which comprises contacting a sulfur-contg.
solvent (e.g., sulfolane) with an oxidizing agent (e.g., chlorine dioxide),
the sulfur-contg. solvent contg. odor-causing impurities, thereby
reducing odor. Another embodiment of the present invention is
directed to a process for prepg. an ink compn. which comprises: (a)
contacting a sulfur-contg. solvent with an oxidizing agent, the
sulfur-contg. solvent contg. odor-causing impurities, thereby reducing
odor; and (b) admixing the sulfur-contg. solvent with water and a
colorant, thereby forming an ink compn.
565.
132:212707
Cyclodextrin-containing compositions containing preservatives.
Beck, Gary J.; Kerslake, Edward D. S.; Olejnik, Orest (Allergan Sales,
Inc., USA). PCT Int. Appl. WO 2000012137 A1 9 Mar 2000, 36 pp.
DESIGNATED STATES: W: AU, CA, JP; RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE,
DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE. (English). (World
Intellectual Property Organization). CODEN: PIXXD2. CLASS: ICM:
A61K047-40. APPLICATION: WO 1999-US20060 1 Sep 1999.
PRIORITY: US 1998-98854 2 Sep 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent
CA Section: 63 (Pharmaceuticals)
Compns. including a liq. medium, a cyclodextrin component and a
preservative component which has a reduced tendency to being
complexed with the cyclodextrin component. In one embodiment, the
preservative component is a chlorite component. Active (drugs)
components are included in the compns. Thus, NaCl 0.622, KCl 0.14,
CaCl2.2H2O 0.02, MgCl2.6H2O 0..06, CM-cellulose sodium salt 0.5,
boric acid 0.2, sodium borate decahydrate 0.14, brimodine tartrate 0.2,
b-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether 1 and water to 100%, stabilized ClO2 50
ppm. The presence of a cyclodextrin component does not have any
detrimental effect on the preservative efficacy of stabilized chlorine
dioxide. The stabilized chlorine dioxide remains free and effective as a
preservative rather than being complexed by thecyclodextrin
component. The compn. is ophthalmically acceptable.
566.
132:209562
Fluid treatment elements, methods for treating fluids and for cleaning
the treatment elements.
Haq, Tanweer U.; Miller, John D.; Geibel, Stephen A.; Acquaviva,
James (Pall Corporation, USA). PCT Int. Appl. WO 2000013767 A1
16 Mar 2000, 180 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: W: AE, AL, AM, AT,
AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM,
EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG,
KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX,
NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA,
UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM;
RW: AT, BE, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CH, CI, CM, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR,
GA, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, ML, MR, NE, NL, PT, SE, SN, TD, TG.
(English). (World Intellectual Property Organization). CODEN: PIXXD2.
CLASS: ICM: B01D046-24. ICS: B01D053-22; B01D063-06;
B01D046-52. APPLICATION: WO 1999-US20509 9 Sep 1999.
PRIORITY: US 1998-99663 9 Sep 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent
CA Section: 47 (Apparatus and Plant Equipment) Section
cross-reference(s): 9, 16, 38, 60, 61, 76
A fluid treatment element, esp. a filter element, is described which can
be operation in dead end or crossflow filtration. The treatment element
includes a multilayer composite formed into axially extending pleats,
where adjoining pleats are in a laid-over state and pressed against
each other over a substantial portion of their height. The treatment
element is compact, with a large surface area. The element can be
made from a fluoropolymer for diffusively transferring material (gases)
from one fluid stream to another fluid stream, e.g., for transferring O3
into water. The treatment element is cleaned by backwashing or
crossflow cleaning.
567.
132:202391
Colorimetry with amaranth or Evans Blue azo dyes for determination of
residual chlorine dioxide in water.
Mantisi, Frederick; Gautier, Jean-Pierre (Elf Atochem S.A., Fr.). Eur.
Pat. Appl. EP 985929 A1 15 Mar 2000, 9 pp. DESIGNATED
STATES: R: AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE,
MC, PT, IE, SI, LT, LV, FI, RO. (French). (European Patent
Organization). CODEN: EPXXDW. CLASS: ICM: G01N031-22. ICS:
G01N033-18. APPLICATION: EP 1999-401774 15 Jul 1999.
PRIORITY: FR 1998-11272 9 Sep 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent
CA Section: 79 (Inorganic Analytical Chemistry) Section
cross-reference(s): 41, 61
A colorimetric method for the detn. of residual ClO2 (as water purifn.
agent) in com. water supplies (esp. potable waters), consists of prepn.
of an anal. soln. contg. an azo dye, with a color intensity modified by the
presence of ClO2, in addn. to a borate buffer and one or more masking
agents. The azo dye is amaranth or Evans Blue, which is present in 1 *
10-6 and 1* 10-3 M, preferably 2 * 10-5 and 8 * 10-4 M. The borate
buffer is present in concn. of 5 * 10-3 and 0.1 M. The pH is then
adjusted to 9.2 prior to colorimetric anal., at 521 nm for amaranth and
606 nm for Evans Blue.
568.
132:198430
Treating paper mill wastewater by chemical method.
Yu, Yongli; Su, Yongbo (Department of Chemistry, Northeast University,
Shenyang 110006, Peop. Rep. China). Gongye Shuichuli, 20(1), 39-40
(Chinese) 2000 Gongye Shuichuli Zazhishe. CODEN: GOSHFA.
ISSN: 1005-829X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 60
(Waste Treatment and Disposal) Section cross-reference(s): 43
A coagulation-ClO2 oxidn.-sand filtration-activated carbon adsorption
process for treating paper mill wastewater is presented. The optimum
coagulation agent was polyacrylamide and an org. compd. contg. Fe
and Mg, whose mol. was FenMgx(SO4)y-R. About 97% of COD was
removed.
569.
132:198294
Method of flue gas desulfurization using bauxite.
Fan, Maohong; Zhuang, Yahui (Ecological Environment Research
Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peop. Rep. China). Faming
Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1202388 A 23 Dec 1998,
8 pp. (Chinese). (People's Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV.
CLASS: ICM: B01D053-50. ICS: B01D053-79. APPLICATION: CN
1997-112147 16 Jun 1997. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section:
59 (Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene)
SOx is removed from coal burning flue gas, and converted to a water
purifying agent Al2(SO4)3, by using bauxite as absorbent and H2O2,
ClO2, or Na(K)ClO3 as oxidant, in the presence of NaHCO3. When
NaClO3 is used, the mol. ratios are controlled at at a 0.62 <(Al2O3/SO2)
<0.78, 0.55 <(NaClO3/SO2) <0.75, and 0-.05 <(NaHCO3/SO2) <0.08
and the reaction temp. is controlled at 35-100*.
570.
132:195997
Pulping method.
Li, Xuemin (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1193062 A 16 Sep 1998,5 pp. (Chinese). (People's
Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: D21C009-10.
APPLICATION: CN 1998-104755 14 Feb 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood
Products)
A method is characterized by bleaching in a closed container at 0.5-7
kg/cm2 for 2-4 h using strong oxidants selected from NaClO, Ca(ClO)2,
ClO2, H2O2, and NaClO3 at effective Cl concn. 2-4%.
571.
132:195769
Application of chlorine dioxide to bleaching chemical cotton.
Jiang, Jiakuan (Hui-Min Practical Chemical Industrial Inst., Xi'an
710302, Peop. Rep. China). Xiandai Huagong, 19(7), 18-20 (Chinese)
1999 Zhongguo Huagong Xinxi Zhongxin. CODEN: HTKUDJ. ISSN:
0253-4320. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 40 (Textiles and
Fibers)
The application of ClO2 in bleaching of cotton was discussed. The
bleaching condition was optimized, and the factors affecting the
bleaching effect were discussed. The chem. cotton with viscosity
>1000 MPa.s and whiteness >87% was obtained.
572.
132:193499
Chlorine dioxide-containing liquid compositions as disinfectants or
deodorizers.
Iwamoto, Tsutomu; Nakajima, Tsutomu (D.M.C. Network K. K., Japan).
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000063217 A2 29 Feb 2000, 8 pp.
(Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM: A01N059-08.
ICS: A01N025-04; A01N025-06; A61L002-18; A61L002-20;
A61L009-01; C01B011-02. APPLICATION: JP 1999-149666 28 May
1999. PRIORITY: JP 1998-163420 11 Jun 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry) Section
cross-reference(s): 5, 63
The invention relates to a liq. compn. contg. dissolved chlorine dioxide
gas, chloric acid and/or its salt, chlorous acid salt, and a pH-adjusting
agent, providing long-lasting disinfection or deodorization effects,
suitable for use for fruits, vegetables, cutting boards, etc., in a form of
liq., gel, foam, or aerosol. A chlorine dioxide-contg. liq. was prepd.
from a chlorine dioxide gas-dissolved soln. (2500 ppm) 250, 5 %
sodium chlorite soln. 749, 5 % sodium chlorate soln. 1 mL, and citric
acid 3 g. The liq. 50 g was combined with sodium alkylsulfonate
surfactant 225, liq. paraffin 15, and liq. propane gas 10 g to obtain a
deodorizing foam.
573.
132:193442
Chlorine dioxide treatment of seafoods to reduce bacterial loads.
Kim, J. M.; Huang, T.-S.; Marshall, M. R.; Wei, C.-I. (Food and
Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Food Science and Human
Nutrition Dept., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0720, USA). J.
Food Sci., 64(6), 1089-1093 (English) 1999 Institute of Food
Technologists. CODEN: JFDSAZ. ISSN: 0022-1147. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry)
Various seafoods were treated with fresh chlorine dioxide (ClO2) solns.
(20, 40, 100, and 200 ppm total available ClO2) in 3.5% brine for 5 min,
and bacterial loads and sensory quality were evaluated after 0, 3, and 7
days storage on ice. The ClO2 treated groups at each time period had
lower bacterial counts than non-treated and brine-treated groups. The
differences in bacterial counts were significant, esp. for groups treated
with 100 and 200 ppm ClO2. Treated ClO2 solns. contained very low or
no bacterial loads. Treated red grouper and salmon with 100 or 200
ppm ClO2 developed skin discoloration (lighter color) and a chocolate
color in the gills.
574.
132:187525
The formation of ClOO following the photoexcitation of aqueous OClO
studied by two-color, time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy.
Thomsen, Carsten L.; Philpott, Matthew P.; Hayes, Sophia C.; Reid,
Philip J. (Box 351700, Department of Chemistry, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA). J. Chem. Phys., 112(2),
505-508 (English) 2000 American Institute of Physics. CODEN:
JCPSA6. ISSN: 0021-9606. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section:
74 (Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other
Reprographic Processes)
The photochem. of chlorine dioxide (OClO) is investigated by two-color
time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. Pump and probe
wavelengths of 390 and 260 nm, resp., are used to monitor
photoproduct formation following aq. OClO photoexcitation. Depletion
and subsequent recovery of the OClO scattering intensities is obsd.
consistent with subpicosecond reformation of OClO via geminate
recombination of the primary photoproducts. Intensity is obsd. at 1442
cm-1 consistent with ClOO formation that appears and decays with time
consts. of 27.9*4.5 ps and 398*50 ps, resp. The results presented
here represent the first direct evidence for ClOO formation following the
photoexcitation of aq. OClO.
575.
132:186685
New reprocessing system based on the precipitation method under
mild aqueous conditions.
Asanuma, Noriko; Tomiyasu, Hiroshi (Japan). Bull. Res. Lab. Nucl.
React. (Tokyo Inst. Technol.), 23, 84-85 (English) 1999 Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors. CODEN:
BRLTD9. ISSN: 0387-6144. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section:
71 (Nuclear Technology)
A new reprocessing system for spent nuclear fuel using the formation of
carbonato complexes of actinide (VI) and (IV) ions has been studied.
This system is aimed at achieving extreme safety and overcoming
environmental problems.
576.
132:170736
Determination of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate by indigo
carmine methods in natural waters: study of interferences.
Elleouet, C.; Quentel, F.; Madec, C. L. (Laboratoire de Chimie
Analytique, UMR 6521, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest
29285, Fr.). Rev. Sci. Eau, 12(3), 561-575 (French) 1999 Lavoisier
Abonnements. CODEN: RSEAEX. ISSN: 0992-7158. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 79
Over the last decade, chlorine dioxide has been increasingly used for
disinfecting drinking water in many countries. A guarantee for the
protection of the consumer is the presence of a sufficient residual
concn. of the bactericidal reagent in drinking water. Thus it is important
to det. exactly and accurately the levels of chlorine dioxide at the tap.
During water treatment and subsequent distribution, chlorine dioxide
can undergo a variety of redn. and disproportionation reactions
producing primarily chloride but also chlorite and chlorate, which have
been shown to cause hemolytic anemia. Reliable anal. methods are
needed to identify and det. levels of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and
chlorate in drinking water. A procedure based on the use of indigo
carmine for the detn. of each species in natural waters is suggested in
this paper. In phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), two moles of chlorine dioxide
oxidize one mole of indigo carmine. The concn. of the bactericidal
reagent can be detd. by measuring the difference in absorbance of the
dye at 610 nm before and after reaction with chlorine dioxide. This
method is selective as chlorite and chlorate do not react with indigo
carmine in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. Although the
spectrophotometric method can be successfully used at levels of
chlorine dioxide down to 30 mg/L, the detn. of lower levels in tap water
requires a more sensitive method such as an electrochem. stripping
procedure. This anal. is based on the measurement of the decrease in
the indigo carmine signal after addn. of chlorine dioxide. The detection
limit is around 1 mg/L. At pH = 2, one mole of indigo carmine reduces
one mole of chlorite. Thus the chlorite concn. can be detd. by
measuring the indigo carmine absorbance at pH = 2. At pH = 0, indigo
carmine reacts with both chlorite and chlorate. A measurement at pH =
0 allows chlorate concns. to be detd. since the decrease in absorbance
due to the presence of chlorite can be calcd. The stability of indigo
carmine absorbance has been studied. An indigo carmine soln. prepd.
in phosphate buffer is stable over several days if kept in light-proof
bottles. It is not surprising that the presence of chlorite and chlorate
does not lead to a change in absorbance as they do not react with the
dye at pH = 6.8. A slight decrease in absorbance of an indigo carmine
soln. contg. chlorine dioxide is obsd. after about twenty hours. This
means that the chlorine dioxide concn. has to be detd. in the first hours,
which follow the addn. of the dye to the sample in order to avoid errors.
Interferences can arise from other residual oxidants, which may also be
used in water treatment, or from substances present in the sample,
which may react with indigo carmine, chlorite and chlorate.
Accordingly, we have considered the influence of humic substances,
ozone and hypochlorite. The absorbance of indigo carmine at pH = 2
and at pH = 0 does not change in presence of natural org. matter (1
mg/L). Chlorite and chlorate react with humic substances but the
kinetics are much slower than those of the reactions with indigo
carmine. Errors arising from humic substances in chlorite and chlorate
measurements are thus very weak. Ozone may interfere in analyses,
as it reacts with indigo carmine. However its existence in the
distribution network is unlikely as it also reacts with chlorine dioxide,
which is in excess, and chlorite to give chlorate. Hypochlorite causes
errors in chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate detns. as a result of a
reaction with indigo carmine. In the case of chlorine dioxide detns.,
errors can be eliminated by adding ammonia to the sample before
indigo carmine. Once the validity of the procedures had been proven in
synthetic media, the methods were applied to a natural water, that of
the water distribution network of the city of Brest, France. The results
have been compared with those of other anal. techniques.
577.
132:168294
Preparation and application of high-performance chlorine dioxide
disinfectant.
Lai, Zini (Zhujiang Aquatic Product Institute, Chinese Academy of
Aquatic Product, Canton 510380, Peop. Rep. China). Guangzhou
Huagong, 27(4), 52-53 (Chinese) 1999 Guangzhou Huagong Bianjibu.
CODEN: GUHUEZ. ISSN: 1001-9677. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal;
General Review CA Section: 49 (Industrial Inorganic Chemicals)
Section cross-reference(s): 10
A review with no refs. on ClO2 disinfectant, including the prepn. and
application of ClO2.
578.
132:167843
Chemical characteristics of lignins extracted from softwood TMP after
ozone and chlorine dioxide treatment.
Robert, D. R.; Szadeczki, M.; Lachenal, D. (CERMAV/CNRS Domaine
Universitaire, Grenoble 38041, Fr.). ACS Symp. Ser., 742(Lignin:
Historical, Biological, and Materials Perspectives, 2000), 520-531
(English) 2000 American Chemical Society. CODEN: ACSMC8.
ISSN: 0097-6156. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43
(Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products)
The role of ozonization in improving the phys. properties of softwood
thermomech. pulp (TMP) was investigated. Lignin (I) fractions were
extd. from pulp before and after ozonization and characterized by IR,
13C-NMR and GPC. Results showed the influence of the extn. method
on the I structure, with enzymic hydrolysis of the pulp giving a I fraction
richer in etherified units but more contaminated with polysaccharides
than acidolysis. The no. of carboxyl groups formed in I was also
studied, since this parameter can be correlated with pulp mech.
properties. ClO2 treatment of TMP, as compared to ozonization,
resulted in an increase of COOR(H) groups and the formation of
muconic structures clearly identified on NMR spectra.
579.
132:167838
Generation of chlorinated phenolic compounds in the bleaching
sequences DEoD (chlorine dioxide, oxidative extraction reinforced with
oxygen, and chlorine dioxide) and AZEopD (acid treatment, ozone,
oxidative extraction reinforced with oxygen and peroxide, and chlorine
dioxide).
Furtado, Jaoa L. F.; Zini, Claudia A.; Caramaoe, Elina B.; Peralba,
Maria do Carmo R. (Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-9700, Brazil). Papel, 60(12),
56-61 (Portuguese) 1999 Associacao Brasileira Tecnica de Celulose
e Papel. CODEN: PAPLA3. ISSN: 0031-1057. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood
Products) Section cross-reference(s): 80
The formation of chlorinated phenolic compds. (CPCs) was monitored
in bleaching sequences DEoD (chlorine dioxide, oxidative extn.
reinforced with oxygen and chlorine dioxide) and AZEopD (acid
treatment, ozone, oxidative extn. reinforced with oxygen and peroxide
and chlorine dioxide). A kraft delignified cellulose pulp, produced from
a mixt. of 85% of Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii. was
bleached and the filtrate was subjected to in situ acetylation to sep.
CPCs for quantification. The CPCs were detd. by gas chromatog. with
electron capture detector and gas chromatog. coupled with mass
spectrometry. Two CPCs were detected in the total filtrate (mixt. of
filtrates from each stage) from the sequence DEoD and four compds.
in the individual stage filtrates. In the sequence AZEopD, no CPC was
detected in D stage and in the mixt. from first stages filtrates (A, Z and
Eop). The CPCs vol. was below the limits established by the USEPA
in both sequences, low when compared to conventional bleaching
technologies, thus the sequences consider are environmentally
favorable alternatives.
580.
132:167812
Reactivity of lignin and problems of its oxidative destruction with peroxy
reagents.
Demin, Valerii A.; Shereshovets, Valeri V.; Monakov, Jurii B. (Institute
of Chemistry of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar 167000, Russia). Russ. Chem. Rev.,
68(11), 937-956 (English) 1999 Turpion Ltd. CODEN: RCRVAB.
ISSN: 0036-021X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; General Review CA
Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products)
A review with 157 refs. on the reactivity of lignin (I) and problems of its
oxidative destruction with peroxy reagents is presented. Published
data on the reactivity and oxidn. of I and its model compds. with ClO2,
H2O2, and O3, as well as on oxidative destruction of sulfate pulp I with
various reagents during bleaching, are systematized and generalized.
Concepts of I activation towards its selective oxidn. and kinetic features
of sulfate pulp oxidative delignification are considered. Topics
discussed include: (1) I structure; (2) oxidn. of model compds.; (3)
combined action of oxidants on sulfate pulp I; (4) I activation towards
oxidative action of O and H2O2; (5) ozonolysis of sulfate pulps; (6) a
schematic approach to the selective destruction of residual I with
peroxy reagents; and (7) kinetic methods for assessment of residual I
reactivity.
581.
132:165424
Method and apparatus for preserving fruits and vegetables by using
antimicrobial agents and additional oxygen in gas streams.
Talley, Charles B. (Charvid Limited Liability Co., USA). U.S. US
6033704 A 7 Mar 2000, 9 pp. (English). (United States of America).
CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS: ICM: A23B007-144. ICS:
A23B007-152. NCL: 426320000. APPLICATION: US 1998-134655
14 Aug 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 17 (Food and
Feed Chemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 5
Fruits and vegetables are stored and(or) preserved by introducing an
antimicrobial agent and(or) addnl. mol. oxygen into an oxygen-contg.
gas stream that is circulated through a bed of the stored products. The
antimicrobial agent can be introduced by devices such as an atomizer
or a humidifier. Thus, chlorine dioxide is introduced by means of a
fogger into the gas stream circulating through a bed of potatoes in a
storage shed to control soft rot and other diseases.
582.
132:165386
Food preservatives containing chlorine dioxide and their application
method.
Iwamoto, Haruo; Iwamoto, Tsutomu (D.M.C. Network K. K., Japan).
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000050851 A2 22 Feb 2000, 4 pp.
(Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM:
A23L003-3445. ICS: A23B004-16; A23B007-152. APPLICATION:
JP 1998-221513 5 Aug 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA
Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry)
Food preservatives, useful for meat, fish, vegetables, etc. contain
dissolved ClO2-contg. aq. solns., alkali and/or alk. earth metal chlorites,
and pH adjustors. Strawberry was preserved with a gel comprising
LiClO2, ClO2, NaClO3, citric acid, and Aqualic CA (highly
water-absorbing polymer).
583.
132:162150
Exhaled nitric oxide among pulpmill workers reporting gassing
incidents involving ozone and chlorine dioxide.
Olin, A-C.; Ljungkvist, G.; Bake, B.; Hagberg, S.; Henriksson, L.; Toren,
K. (Sections of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goeteborg, Swed.). Eur. Respir. J.,
14(4), 828-831 (English) 1999 Munksgaard International Publishers
Ltd. CODEN: ERJOEI. ISSN: 0903-1936. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology)
The aim of the study was to investigate whether measurement of nitric
oxide in exhaled air could be used for assessing the effects of irritants
on the respiratory system, in this case recurrent ozone gassing in an
occupational setting. The study population comprised bleachery
workers (n=56) from a Swedish pulpmill carrying out ozone-based pulp
bleaching since 1992 and controls (n=39). Both groups were
investigated by measuring NO in exhaled air, methacholine challenge
test, and answers to a questionnaire concerning the history of
respiratory symptoms and accidental exposure to ozone peaks. There
was no significant difference in NO output between exposed subjects
and controls (median 67.2 vs. 55.0 nL譵in-1, p=0.64). However, among
bleachery workers reporting ozone gassings, the median NO output
was 90.0 nL譵in-1 compared to 58.8 nL譵in-1 among those not
reporting such incidents (p=0.019). There was no relation between
exhaled NO and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms or bronchial
hyperresponsiveness. In a multiple regression model, only reported
ozone gassings were assocd. (p=0.016) with NO output. The results
indicate an assocn. between previous response to ozone gassing and
nitric oxide output. The increased nitric oxide output among the
bleachery workers reporting peak ozone exposure may indicate that
chronic airway inflammation is present. Further studies are needed to
evaluate the extent to which nitric oxide can be used for biol. monitoring
of respiratory health effects, and to relate it to other markers of airway
inflammation.
584.
132:157132
Ab initio study of the reorganization barrier for bent triatomic species.
Zhang, D.; Liang, F.; Feng, D.; Liu, C. (Institution of Theoretical
Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Peop. Rep. China).
Chem. Phys. Lett., 317(3,4,5), 430-436 (English) 2000 Elsevier
Science B.V. CODEN: CHPLBC. ISSN: 0009-2614. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal CA Section: 65 (General Physical Chemistry) Section
cross-reference(s): 67
Four scale models were used to compute the values of DEi* of several
bent triat. species with two identical bond lengths of 0/1-type
(NO2/NO2-, SO2/SO2-, ClO2/ClO2-, O3/O3-). The values of DEo* were
obtained using the Marcus dielec. continuum model and the gas-phase
mol. vol. The energies, structural parameters and potential consts. for
the triat. redox couples were detd. by ab initio MO calcn. at
MP2(FULL)/6-311+G (2D) level; DEi* are reported for all models
studied. The theor. results are compared with each other and with
literature data.
585.
132:156899
Compositions and methods for disinfecting contact lenses containing a
chlorite and a polyanionic compound.
Park, John Y.; Peng, Lin; Cafaro, Daniel P.; Dziabo, Anthony J. (
Allergan, USA). U.S. US 6024954 A 15 Feb 2000, 10 pp.,
Cont.-in-part of U.S. 5,648,074. (English). (United States of America).
CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS: ICM: A61K038-54. NCL: 424094200.
APPLICATION: US 1996-692867 2 Aug 1996. PRIORITY: US
1994-353782 12 Dec 1994. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section:
63 (Pharmaceuticals)
Compns. for disinfecting contact lenses include a liq. medium contg. a
chlorite component, preferably a water sol. chlorite component, in a
contact lens disinfecting amt., and a polyanionic component, preferably
a water sol. polyanionic component, in an amt. effective to do at least
one of the following: inhibit formation of protein deposit material on a
contact lens immersed in the compn.; reduce the toxicity of the compn.
to the human eye, and reduce the damage to a contact lens caused by
immersing the contact lens in the compn. The compn. has a viscosity
of less than 50 cps at 25* C., an osmolality of at least about 200
mOsmol/kg, and preferably a pH in the range of about 6 to about 9. A
soln. was prepd. comprising sodium CM-cellulose 0.2, sodium chlorite
0.0625, sodium chloride 0.75, hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide
q.s. pH = 7.4, boric acid 0.15, and water q.s. 100%. The formulation
can be used as effective, non-irritating, non-toxic, safe and efficacious
single bottle contact lens disinfection systems which provide long
lasting and enhanced soothing and lubrication during contact lens wear.
586.
132:156881
Ostomy pouch or pouch for incontinence with deodorizing function and
its manufacture.
Gent, John A.; Steer, Graham Emery (Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., USA).
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000042020 A2 15 Feb 2000, 7 pp.
(Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM:
A61F005-441. ICS: A61F005-445; A61L009-01. APPLICATION: JP
1999-193582 7 Jul 1999. PRIORITY: GB 1998-14723 7 Jul 1998.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 63 (Pharmaceuticals) Section
cross-reference(s): 38, 40
The pouch is manufd. by directly or indirectly fixing a support, which
comprises or has malodor counteractants, to a plastic material forming
a pouch wall. Alternatively the pouch is that comprising or contg. H2O2
generators. The support may comprise tissue paper, plastic films,
nonwoven fabrics, and/or adsorbent pads. The malodor counteractants
may be oxidant generators, H2O2 generators such as Na perborate,
ClO2 generators, etc., and addnl. contain bactericides and/or perfumes.
A sheet with a thermally-insulating surface was coated on the
non-thermally-insulating surface with a double-stick pressure-sensitive
adhesive. Particles of Na perborate were sprinkled on the adhesive
layer and compressed to remove excess particles. The sheet was cut
into 100 mm * 50 mm in size, laminated with a plastic film, and then
fabricated into an ostomy pouch. A pouch was packed with feces, kept
at body temp. for 30 min, and then opened to generate less malodor
than a control pouch with no deodorant.
587.
132:153516
Bleaching of cellulose pulp with a plurality of bleaching agents in a
single stage.
Tibbling, Ture Petter Magnus; Agarwal, Arvind Kumar (Asia Pulp &
Paper Co. Ltd., Singapore). PCT Int. Appl. WO 2000008251 A1 17
Feb 2000, 35 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: W: AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ,
BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB,
GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR,
LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU,
SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, UZ, VN, YU, ZW, AM,
AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM; RW: AT, BE, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CH,
CI, CM, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GA, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, ML, MR,
NE, NL, PT, SE, SN, TD, TG. (English). (World Intellectual Property
Organization). CODEN: PIXXD2. CLASS: ICM: D21C009-153. ICS:
D21C009-14; D21C009-16. APPLICATION: WO 1998-IB1318 31 Jul
1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin,
Paper, and Other Wood Products) Section cross-reference(s): 59
Cellulosic material for the prodn. of chem. pulp is fed continuously
through a bleaching line and bleached with ozone and *1 bleaching
agents consisting of chlorine dioxide, chlorine, acidic hydrogen
peroxide, peracetic acid, persulfuric acid, and org. peroxides, in a
single stage which does not contain an intermediate washing or extn.
stage and, preferably, the redox potential of the pulp immediately after
the addn. of each bleaching agent is brought down to a level of 0-~20%
of the original value of the redox potential prior to the addn. of the
subsequent bleaching agent. The use of ozone provides a significant
improvement in pulp quality, 10-20% decrease in beating energy
requirements, ~15% improvement in tear strength, a savings of ~$20
(US) per ton of pulp, reduces the impact of bleaching on the
environment, and allows for inexpensive retrofitting of existing
equipment. Thus, a (DZD)(EO)D(ED) sequence for bleaching
oxygen-delignified mill pulp using sulfuric acid, ozone, and chlorine
gave ISO brightness 89.9%, ISO Rev. brightness 88.4, viscosity 641
dm3/kg, total ClO2 46 kg/ADMT, compared with 89.3, 87.8, 705, and
47, resp., using active chlorine alone.
588.
132:153464
Short ECF sequences involving chlorine dioxide to bleach bagasse
pulp to 90% ISO.
Rajesh, K. S.; Tamilarasy, T. S.; Mohan Rao, N. R. (Tamilnadu
Newsprint and Papers Ltd., Kagithapuram 639 136, India). IPPTA,
11(2), 27-33 (English) 1999 Indian Pulp and Paper Technical
Association. CODEN: IPPTDO. ISSN: 0379-5462. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other
Wood Products)
The use of short elemental Cl-free (ECF) sequences with ClO2 to
achieve 90% ISO brightness for bagasse kraft pulp is discussed.
Introduction of oxidative extns. is a preferred necessary step to achieve
<2.0 extd. pulp kappa no. ClO2 substitution to the 50% level is most
effective, although it cannot be termed as an ECF sequence,. E(OP)
extn. is not necessary for bagasse pulp as E(P) or E(O) serve the same
purpose; E(P) is preferable because of its simplicity in operation. E(O)
is most effective in COD decreasing, whereas E(P) is most effective in
color removal, when compared to color and COD of a conventional
sequence. The short 3-stage D-EP-D sequence is quite promising.
The strength properties, esp. tear factor, are improved, although
brightness levels are higher.
589.
132:150930
Ice with bactericide and preservatives for storing fresh fish.
Tomita, Mamoru; Kato, Ryo; Suzuki, Kiyoshi; Doi, Toyohiko; Nakamura,
Teiichi (Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Japan). PCT Int. Appl. WO
2000008956 A1 24 Feb 2000, 25 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: W:
JP, US; RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU,
MC, NL, PT, SE. (Japanese). (World Intellectual Property
Organization). CODEN: PIXXD2. CLASS: ICM: A23L003-375. ICS:
A23L003-3463; A23L003-3472; A23L003-3526; A23L003-358.
APPLICATION: WO 1999-JP2912 31 May 1999. PRIORITY: JP
1998-241049 12 Aug 1998; JP 1999-2820 8 Jan 1999. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Patent CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry)
Ice for storing fresh fish, even after melting, to safely store fresh fish and
shellfish over a long period of time by bactericidal hypochlorous acid at
5-30 ppm contained therein in addn. to the preserving effect of a chilled
state. The ice is, not sealed in a container, contains hydrogen
peroxide, an edible colorant and a cryo-nucleation accelerator together
with * one substance selected from the group consisting of chlorine
dioxide, propionic acids, 4-hydroxybenzoic acids, polylysine, chitin,
chitosan, sorbic acids, hinokitiol, lysozyme and lactoferrins.
590.
132:150915
Manufacture of high-purity chlorine dioxide for food preservatives.
Du, Xiaoming; Pan, Cenxuan; Li, Fasheng (Luxianfeng Environmental
Protection Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Peop. Rep.
China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1195642
A 14 Oct 1998, 4 pp. (Chinese). (People's Republic of China).
CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: C01B011-02. ICS: A23L003-358.
APPLICATION: CN 1997-103875 4 Apr 1997. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry)
The process comprises reacting NaClO3, oxalic acid and H2SO4 to
obtain ClO2 gas; purifying the ClO2 gas with 5-15% urea soln.; and
absorbing the gas with stabilizing agent to obtain the high-purity ClO2
soln. The stabilizing agent comprises Na2CO3 1, H2O2 0.2-0.9, sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate 0.002-0.01 and oxinate 0.0002-0.001 parts.
591.
132:150903
Manufacture of solid stabilized chlorine dioxide for disinfectant and
fresh food preservative and deodorant.
Pan, Cenxuan; Du, Xiaoming; Li, Fasheng (Luxianfeng Environmental
Protection Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Peop. Rep. China).
Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1195641 A 14
Oct 1998, 3 pp. (Chinese). (People's Republic of China). CODEN:
CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: C01B011-02. ICS: A01N025-18;
C09K015-02. APPLICATION: CN 1997-103874 4 Apr 1997.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed
Chemistry)
Solid stabilized chlorine dioxide is manufd. by mixing 0.2-1.5 parts
0.2-8% ClO2 soln. and 1 part mixt. contg. different recipes. The mixt.
comprises porous mol. sieve 1, deliquescent agent 0-0.1,
control-releasing agent (kaolin or acid clay) 0-0.5 and binder (flour)
0-0.1 parts. The porous mol. sieve is selected from polyacrylic resin,
synthetic resin, actived carbon, calcium silicate and/or diatomite.
592.
132:142220
Bonding in mixed halogen and hydrogen peroxides.
Bridgeman, Adam J.; Rothery, Joanne (University Chemical
Laboratories, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK). J. Chem. Soc., Dalton
Trans., (22), 4077-4082 (English) 1999 Royal Society of Chemistry.
CODEN: JCDTBI. ISSN: 0300-9246. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA
Section: 65 (General Physical Chemistry) Section cross-reference(s):
67, 73
The geometries and vibrational frequencies of the hydrogen and
halogen peroxides XOOX' and the XOO and XO fragments (X, X' = H,
F, Cl, Br or I) were studied using non-local d. functional theory. The
X-O, X'-O and O-O bond energies were calcd. and likely dissocn. paths
for these atmospherically important or potentially important mols.
suggested. The sulfur analogs were also examd. A unified model for
these chem. diverse species is presented based on the interaction
between O2 and X鬃譞 fragments. The correlation between their
electronic structures is outlined. The antibonding nature of the
interaction between the halogen lone pairs and the p electrons of the
O2 fragments causes lengthening and weakening of the
halogen-oxygen bonds. The electronegativity of X and X' dets. the
extent and direction of the electron transfer between the O2 and X鬃譞
fragments. The O-O bond order is thus sensitive to the nature of the
substituents and the multiple bond character decreases steadily as the
electronegativity of X and X' decreases. The O-O bond strengths,
though, are also affected by steric interactions between the halogen
'lone pairs'. The O-O bonds in the HO-OX' species are thus much
stronger than the bond orders and lengths suggest.
593.
132:141645
Water purification using biodegradable polymers, oxidants, and
amidosulfonic acids.
Kleinstueck, Roland; Groth, Torsten; Joentgen, Winfried (Bayer A.-G.,
Germany). Ger. Offen. DE 19837068 A1 24 Feb 2000, 8 pp.
(German). (Germany). CODEN: GWXXBX. CLASS: ICM:
C02F005-12. APPLICATION: DE 1998-19837068 17 Aug 1998.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 61 (Water)
Waters, esp. cooling waters, are treated with biodegradable polymers
having repeating succinyl units (e.g., polyasparaginic acid), oxidants
(e.g., hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, bromine, chlorine dioxide,
hypochlorite, ozone, or their reaction products with water), and
amidosulfonic acids.
594.
132:141305
A comparison among different wastewater disinfection systems:
experimental results.
Collivignarelli, C.; Bertanza, G.; Pedrazzani, R. (Department of Civil
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia
I-25123, Italy). Environ. Technol., 21(1), 1-16 (English) 2000 Selper
Ltd., Publications Division. CODEN: ENVTEV. ISSN: 0959-3330.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 60 (Waste Treatment and
Disposal)
In this work, the efficiency and the applicability of some disinfection
systems for biol. treated wastewater were studied. The following
disinfection processes were considered: peracetic acid (PAA),
chlorine dioxide, ozone, UV light. These treatments were chosen as an
alternative to chlorination. Their applicability was investigated
considering both the removal efficiency of microorganisms and the
qual. changes in the treated effluent (e.g. presence of disinfectant
residues, disinfection byproducts, etc.). The different processes were
tested by means of pilot scale plants working in parallel; in fact they
were fed with the same wastewater (secondary effluent of a municipal
wastewater treatment plant). Finally, an economical anal. was carried
out.
595.
132:139421
Manufacture of stable chlorine dioxide.
Ding, Zhangxun; Ding, Wenjie (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli
Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1185417 A 24 Jun 1998,6 pp.
(Chinese). (People's Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS:
ICM: C01B011-02. APPLICATION: CN 1996-118919 18 Dec 1996.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 49 (Industrial Inorganic
Chemicals)
The chlorine dioxide is manufd. by mixing chlorine dioxide-generating
reactants with extractant selected from aliph. or arom. hydrocarbons
and solvent gasoline in a reactor under stirring, directly absorbing the
chlorine dioxide with the extractant, sepg. from other reaction product,
adding sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide to the soln., sepg. to
obtain high-concn. and stable product. The reactants are selected from
sodium chlorite, HCl, H2SO4, NaCl, and chlorous acid. The chlorine
dioxide is used as disinfectant.
596.
132:138977
Hexenuronic acid in kraft pulps from radiata pine.
Allison, Robert W.; Timonen, Olli; McGrouther, Kim G.; Suckling, Ian D.
(PAPRO NZ, Forest Research, Rotorua, N. Z.). Appita J., 52(6),
448-453 (English) 1999 Appita. CODEN: APJOES. ISSN:
1038-6807. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose,
Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products)
A wide range of kraft pulps from radiata pine was assessed for
hexenuronic acid (I) content using the acid hydrolysis/UV method
developed by Vuorinen. I contents were variable and depended on
whether pulping was performed in the lab. or mill, used continuous or
batch systems, or followed conventional or modified procedures. High
alkali concn. during pulping was probably the main factor leading to low
I levels in the final pulp. For each 10 mmol/kg of I in radiata pine kraft
pulp, kappa no. was increased by about 0.9 units. Removal of this
kappa no. contribution from I by hydrolytic pretreatment resulted in
proportional savings in subsequent ClO2 bleach chem. It was also
shown that bleaching with ClO2 was very effective at destroying I
groups, esp. at active Cl multiples of >0.20. A modification to the
Vuorinen UV method was developed to measure the low levels of I in
ClO2-bleached pulps. Overall, the content and response of I in radiata
pine pulps were similar to those reported for kraft pulps from Northern
Hemisphere softwoods.
597.
132:133616
Plant-activating agents manufactured by electrolyzing tea leaves, their
products, etc.
Suzuki, Masayoshi (Hokuetsu Giken Kogyo K. K., Japan). Jpn. Kokai
Tokkyo Koho JP 2000044420 A2 15 Feb 2000, 4 pp. (Japanese).
(Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM: A01N065-00. ICS:
A01G007-00; C02F001-46. APPLICATION: JP 1998-251747 3 Aug
1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 5 (Agrochemical
Bioregulators) Section cross-reference(s): 11, 19
Plant-activating agents are manufd. by adding salts to eluates or solns.
of tea leaves, tea products, garlic products, wasabi products, or *1
selected from tannins, caffeine, catechin, or chlorophylls, and
electrolyzing the mixts. Alternatively, the agents are manufd. by adding
Cl, HClO, its salts, ClO2, HClO2, its salts, HClO3, its salts, HClO4, its
salts, O3, and/or H2O2 to the eluates or solns., the products, or the
compds. NaCl was dissolved in oolong tea and the mixt. was
electrolyzed at 5 V and 3 A to give a plant-activating liq. The liq.
significantly promoted growth of daikon radish, tomato, and cabbage
after germination on a fertilizer-free sponge.
598.
132:131200
Preparation of chlorine dioxide.
Wen, Herui; Yu, Jianping (Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Gannan Teachers College, Ganzhou 341000, Peop. Rep.
China). Xiandai Huagong, 19(11), 27-29 (Chinese) 1999 Zhongguo
Huagong Xinxi Zhongxin. CODEN: HTKUDJ. ISSN: 0253-4320.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 78 (Inorganic Chemicals and
Reactions)
A method for prepg. ClO2 from KClO3 and hydrazine sulfate was
studied. The effect of H2SO4 concn. and reaction temp. on the yield
and purity of ClO2 was discussed. The yield reached 90% with a purity
of 91%.
599.
132:127686
Study on nonadsorption-type stable solid chlorine dioxide disinfectants.
Bao, Lifeng; Pan, Xihe; Huan, Pengcheng; Lu, Zhaorong; Zhu, Renyi (
Shanghai Wenhua Disinfection Institute, Shanghai 200070, Peop. Rep.
China). Zhongguo Xiaoduxue Zazhi, 16(2), 79-83 (Chinese) 1999
Zhongguo Xiaoduxue Zazhi Bianjibu. CODEN: ZXZAFO. ISSN:
1001-7658. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 63
(Pharmaceuticals) Section cross-reference(s): 17
The acidic soln. of nonadsorption-type stable solid chlorine dioxide
disinfectant (tablet or powder) shows obvious characteristic absorption
peak of chlorine dioxide on IR and UV spectrograms. The killing rates
of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus exposed to its soln.
contg. chlorine dioxide 10 mg/L for 5 min, and Bacillus subtilis var.
niger spores to its soln. contg. chlorine dioxide 250 mg/L for 10 min
were all 100% in suspension test. Its soln. contg. chlorine dioxide 100
mg/L with a 10 min contact time could destroy HBsAg antigenicity. The
chlorine dioxide content decreased by * 8.45% after storing under
air-tight condition at 56* for 2 wk. Its aq. soln. contg. chlorine dioxide
500 mg/L had slight corrosive effect on stainless steel, carbon steel
and copper and moderate corrosive effect on aluminum. Toxicity test
indicated that it belonged to actually nontoxic substances.
600.
132:122643
Chlorine dioxide as a novel oxidant for organometallic compounds.
Kuchin, A. V.; Dvornikova, I. A.; Nalimova, I. Yu. (Institute of Chemistry,
Komi Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of
Sciences, Syktyvkar 167610, Russia). Russ. Chem. Bull., 48(10),
2001-2002 (English) 1999 Consultants Bureau. CODEN: RCBUEY.
ISSN: 1066-5285. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 29
(Organometallic and Organometalloidal Compounds)
The use of ClO2 for the oxidn. of lithium tetraoctylaluminate obtained
from 1-octene and LiAlH4 gives 90% octanol. The oxidn. of Grignard
reagents with alkyl or allyl radicals occurs similarly.