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601.
132:119752
Study on stable unified disinfectant capable of releasing chlorine
dioxide.
Li, Qingjie; Yu, Jiazheng; Tang, Yunan; Zhong, Xiaoying (Hunan Medical
University, Changsha 410078, Peop. Rep. China). Hunan Yike Daxue
Xuebao, 24(3), 296-298 (Chinese) 1999 Hunan Yike Daxue. CODEN:
HYXBET. ISSN: 1000-5625. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section:
10 (Microbial, Algal, and Fungal Biochemistry)
Chlorine dioxide is a new type of disinfectant, but it cannot be stored
and transported as a gas and is very toxic. A stable solid disinfectant
capable of releasing chlorine dioxide was prepd. from sodium chlorite,
stabilizer, acid stimulator, and synergistes. This disinfectant was stable
in dry state and could produce chlorine dioxide when it contacted with
water. The soln. contg. 3.3 mg.L-1 chlorine dioxide could kill 100% of B.
subtilis var. niger spores after exposure for 5 min. The soln. contg. 434
mg.L-1 chlorine dioxide could destroy 100% of HBsAg after exposure
for 30 min. The content of chlorine dioxide in this disinfectant powder
was decreased by about 12% following storage at 56* for 14 days. It
was essentially non-corrosive to stainless steel and moderately
corrosive to carbon steel.
602.
132:118642
Oxidative cell damage in Kat-Sod assay of oxyhalides as inorganic
disinfection by-products and their occurrence by ozonation.
Ueno, H.; Oishi, K.; Sayato, Y.; Nakamuro, K. (Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101,
Japan). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 38(1), 1-6 (English) 2000
Springer-Verlag New York Inc. CODEN: AECTCV. ISSN: 0090-4341.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Section
cross-reference(s): 10, 61
Nine oxyhalides as possible inorg. disinfection byproducts were tested
for oxidative cell damage by Kat-sod assay with E. coli mutant strains
deficient in the active oxygen-scavenging enzymes. Chlorine dioxide,
chlorite, and iodate were highly cytotoxic, whereas in the presence of
cysteine, bromate (BrO3-) and metaperiodate (IO4-) showed more
growth inhibition toward the superoxide dismutase-deficient strains
than the wild strain. BrO3- also showed oxidative mutagenicity with
cysteine or glutathione Et ester in S. typhimurium TA 100. To identify
oxyhalides formed by ozonation of raw water contg. sea water, the
occurrence of ozonation byproducts of bromide and iodide was
investigated. The results indicate that BrO3- is toxicol. one of the most
remarkable oxyhalides detectable in drinking water because IO4- was
not detected in ozonated soln. of iodide, and the ozonation condition to
lower BrO3- is to keep it neutral in the presence of ammonium ion.
603.
132:112542
Factors influencing the mobilization of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the coal-tar lining of water mains.
Maier, M.; Maier, D.; Lloyd, B. J. (School of Engineering in the
Environment, Centre for Environmental Health Engineering, University
of Surrey, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK). Water Res., 34(3), 773-786 (English)
2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. CODEN: WATRAG. ISSN: 0043-1354.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water)
Coal-tar was commonly used as an internal lining for corrosion
protection of water pipes from the 19th century. In this project, the
principal mechanisms leading to the occurrence of polycyclic arom.
hydrocarbons (PAHs) in those water mains were investigated. The
results showed that the occurrence of PAHs in a distribution system
was linked to the presence of the disinfectants chlorine and chlorine
dioxide. In lab. expts. it was demonstrated that the coal-tar surface
represents a substrate for the growth of biofilms which have protective
effects. Generally, hostile environmental conditions for microbiol.
activity of the biofilm such as disinfection, stagnation periods, and
anaerobic conditions could be identified as important factors which
favor the occurrence of PAHs in drinking water. An increase of PAH
concns. was obsd. immediately after stagnation periods. Furthermore,
it was clearly shown that disturbances in the hydraulic regime such as
water hammers, operation of valves, and rapid increases in flow
velocity can result in enhanced PAH concns. by the destabilization of
the biofilm matrix or high shear forces affecting the pipe walls resulting
in the release of particles highly contaminated with PAHs, which may
be responsible for the contamination of the drinking water.
604.
132:112104
Absolute photoionization cross sections of the primary photofragments
of chlorine dioxide and dichlorine monoxide.
Flesch, R.; Schurmann, M. C.; Plenge, J.; Hunnekuhl, M.; Meiss, H.;
Bischof, M.; Ruhl, E. (Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Osnabruck,
Osnabruck D-49069, Germany). Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1(24),
5423-5428 (English) 1999 Royal Society of Chemistry. CODEN:
PPCPFQ. ISSN: 1463-9076. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA
Section: 59 (Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene) Section
cross-reference(s): 53
Photoionization of the primary photofragments of chlorine dioxide
(OClO) and dichlorine monoxide (Cl2O) is reported. The nascent
photofragments are formed by UV photolysis, they are subsequently
photoionized by time-correlated XUV laser radiation and finally
detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Primary photolysis of
OClO leads to the formation of ClO + O at l = 359.5 nm, whereas ClO
+ Cl are formed by photolysis of Cl2O at l = 250 nm. The XUV
photoionization of the photolysis products relies on single photon
ionization. This allows to derive partial photoionization cross sections
of the parent cations and their photolysis products from mass spectral
intensities by using the abs. photoionization cross sections of the at.
products for calibration. Specifically, we obtain for OClO at E = 13.74
eV:sClO = 27 * 5 Mb and sOClO = 18.5 * 3 Mb. Consistent findings are
obtained from equiv. expts. on Cl2O. The present results are compared
with previous photoionization work on ClO and OClO to demonstrate
the reliability of UV-pump/XUV-probe spectroscopy.
605.
132:110156
Manufacture of high-purity high-concentration chlorine dioxide.
Chen, Xiuzhen (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing
Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1189449 A 5 Aug 1998,9 pp. (Chinese).
(People's Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM:
C01B011-02. APPLICATION: CN 1997-100560 31 Jan 1997.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 49 (Industrial Inorganic
Chemicals)
Chlorine dioxide is manufd. by addn. of 50% H2SO4 to 17% NaHSO3
soln., redn. of 38% NaClO3 soln. with the mixed soln. to form ClO2 gas
at 65-75* and 18-21 kPa, purifn. of the ClO2 gas with NaClO2, and
absorption with 12-13% sodium carbonate peroxide soln.
606.
132:109626
Bleaching aid and bleaching method for cellulose pulp.
Maeda, Hirokage (Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan). Jpn. Kokai
Tokkyo Koho JP 2000027086 A2 25 Jan 2000, 7 pp. (Japanese).
(Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM: D21C009-16.
APPLICATION: JP 1998-207136 6 Jul 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood
Products) Section cross-reference(s): 46
The aid, is a nonionic surfactant having mol.-wt. 150-2000, HLB 11-17
and a foam vol. of 0.1% 100-600 mL by Deffuser Stone method after
heating at 80* for 30 min. Thus, a bleaching aid for bleaching of pulp
with O was polyethylene polypropylene glycol monomyristyl ether.
607.
132:107105
Behavior of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa
sprouts during the sprouting process as influenced by treatments with
various chemicals.
Taormina, Peter J.; Beuchat, Larry R. (Center for Food Safety and
Quality Enhancement, Department of Food, University of Georgia,
Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA). J. Food Prot., 62(8), 850-856 (English)
1999 International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental
Sanitarians. CODEN: JFPRDR. ISSN: 0362-028X. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry)
The behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds subjected to
conditions similar to those used com. to grow and market sprouts as it
is affected by applications of NaOCl, Ca(OCl)2, acidified NaClO2,
acidified ClO2, Na3PO4, Vegi-Clean, Tsunami, Vortexx, or H2O2 at
various stages of the sprouting process was detd. Application of 2,000
ppm of NaOCl, 200 and 2,000 ppm of Ca(OCl)2, 500 ppm of acidified
ClO2, 10,000 ppm of Vegi-Clean, 80 ppm of Tsunami, or 40 and 80
ppm of Vortexx to germinated seeds significantly reduced the
population of E. coli O157:H7. With the exception of acidified NaOCl2
at 1,200 ppm, spray applications of these chems. did not significantly
reduce populations or control the growth of E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa
sprouts during the sprouting process. Populations of E. coli on alfalfa
sprouts peaked at 6 to 7 log10 CFU/g 48 h after initiation of the
sprouting process and remained stable despite further spraying with
chems. The population of E. coli O157:H7 on sprouts as they entered
cold storage at 9 * 2癈 remained essentially unchanged for up to 6
days. None of the chem. treatments evaluated was able to eliminate or
satisfactorily reduce E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds and sprouts.
Observations on the ability of E. coli O157:H7 to grow during prodn. of
alfalfa sprouts not subjected to chem. treatments are similar to those
from a previous study in the authors' lab. on the behavior of Salmonella
Stanley. The results do not reveal a chem. treatment method to
eliminate the pathogen from alfalfa sprouts. Currently recommended
procedures for sanitizing alfalfa seeds fail to eliminate E. coli O157:H7
and the pathogen can grow to populations exceeding 7 log10 CFU/g of
sprouts produced using techniques not dissimilar to those used in the
sprout industry.
608.
132:105694
Sterilization process by using chlorine dioxide to prevent and control
infectious diseases in aquaculture.
Song, Huailong (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing
Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1183891 A 10 Jun 1998,6 pp. (Chinese).
(People's Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM:
A01K061-00. ICS: C02F001-76. APPLICATION: CN 1996-121265 1
Dec 1996. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 12
(Nonmammalian Biochemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 5
The sterilization process comprises treating water and feed with ClO2
soln. or mixed disinfectant contg. ClO2. The water is treated by
oxidizing with oxidant and disinfecting with ClO2 (0.01-0.10 ppm for
preventing diseases, and 0.05-0.20 ppm for controlling diseases). The
feed is treated by immersing in 20-200 ppm ClO2 soln. for 10-20 min,
or by cultivating with 0.01-0.1 ppm ClO2 soln. for 8 h to 3 d. The oxidant
is from KMnO4, H2O2, Ca peroxide, etc.
609.
132:97739
Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with chlorine dioxide.
Ruffell, Kristen M.; Rennecker, Jason L.; Marinas, Benito J. (
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA). Water Res.,
34(3), 868-876 (English) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. CODEN:
WATRAG. ISSN: 0043-1354. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA
Section: 61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 10
The effect of soln. pH and temp. on the rate of inactivation of Iowa strain
Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) oocysts with ClO2 was detd.
Oocyst viability was assessed with a modified in-vitro excystation
method consistent with animal infectivity data. Inactivation curves were
characterized by a lag phase followed by Chick-Watson first order
kinetics. The inactivation rate was essentially the same at pH 6 and 8.
CT requirements at pH 10 were ~20-30% lower than those at pH 6-8.
The magnitude of the lag phase and the inactivation rate const. both
obeyed the Arrhenius law for the exptl. temp. range (4-30*). CT
requirements for C. parvum oocyst inactivation increased by an av.
factor of ~3.4 for every 10* decrease in temp.
610.
132:87405
High resolution spectrophotometry for identification of chlorine dioxide
in concentrated chlorine solutions.
Gauw, R. D.; Emmert, G. L.; Bubnis, B.; Gordon, G. (Department of
Chemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA). Talanta, 50(5),
1073-1078 (English) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. CODEN: TLNTA2.
ISSN: 0039-9140. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 79
(Inorganic Analytical Chemistry)
Electrolyzed salt brine generators hold great promise for H2O
disinfection in small communities and remote locations. Electrolysis
cell liquors are reported to contain Cl, Cl dioxide and ozone. High
resoln. spectrophotometry was used to observe the presence (or
absence) of a unique spectral absorbance pattern present in solns.
contg. 1-2 mg/l Cl dioxide.
611.
132:83293
Method and device for continuous and stable releasing chlorine dioxide
for deodorization and disinfection.
Duan, Jiantao (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1176939 A 25 Mar 1998,7 pp. (Chinese). (People's
Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: C02F001-50.
ICS: C02F001-76. APPLICATION: CN 1996-106896 2 Jul 1996.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 61 (Water) Section
cross-reference(s): 59
The ClO2 releasing method comprises adsorbing stable ClO2 soln. with
solid citric acid by capillary material, and releasing ClO2 gas by
allowing to react ClO2 soln. with solid citric acid. The device consists of
bottle body contg. Cl2 soln., perforated cover, coat, and inner unit contg.
solid citric acid or acidic material and capillary material. The bottle
body is connected with inner unit by screw thread, and the lower nape
is dipped in bottle body. The inner unit has *1 outward ring at the top,
and is connected with cover by screw thread. The coat is mounted
between outward ring and bottle body base.
612.
132:83266
Comparison of inactivation of poliovirus in water by ozone, chlorine and
chlorine dioxide.
Gu, Kangding; Zhang, Shuibing; Tang, Fei; Wang, Jialing (Institute of
Environmental Medicine, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030,
Peop. Rep. China). Yingyong Yu Huanjing Shengwu Xuebao,
5(Suppl.), 34-37 (Chinese) 1999 Kexue Chubanshe. CODEN:
YYHXFX. ISSN: 1006-687X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section:
61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 4, 10
Poliovirus I in the simulated water made up of distd. water and fulvic
acid was inactivated by desired concns. of various disinfectants.
Aliquots of water vol. were withdrawn at 1, 3, 10 and 30 min and
quantified with a plaque assay. When water had COD concn. 20 mg/L
and initial virus n(PFU) 1 x 105 mL-1, the exposure of poliovirus
particles to 16.0 mg/L of chlorine, 8.0 mg/L of chlorine dioxide, and a
combination of equal doses of 5.0 mg/L chlorine and 5.0 mg/L chlorine
dioxide for 30 min, resp. and to 1.22 mg/L of ozone for 10 min could
result in complete inactivation of these viruses. The values of
disinfectant conc.-time product (p x t) for 99.99 % inactivation of
poliovirus by the above-mentioned disinfectants were 662. 5, 129.5,
200.0 and 3.2 mg/L-min, resp. Four disinfectants had the following
order of inactivation capacity for the virus: O3 > ClO2 > Cl + ClO2 > Cl.
On the basis of p x t values, single chlorine was less effective than the
combination of chlorine and chlorine dioxide by factor of about 3.3-fold
for poliovirus, indicating that the combined disinfectant which could also
reduce byproducts formation was superior to the single chlorine widely
used in water disinfection.
613.
132:83255
The mobilisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the
coal-tar lining of water pipes.
Maier, M.; Maier, D.; Lloyd, B. J. (School of Engineering in the
Environment, Centre for Environmental Health Engineering, University
of Surrey, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK). Aqua (Oxford), 48(6), 238-249
(English) 1999 Blackwell Science Ltd. CODEN: AQUAAA. ISSN:
0003-7214. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water)
Section cross-reference(s): 10
Use of coal-tar as an internal lining to protect water pipes from
corrosion was a common procedure from the 19th century to the
mid-1970s. These coatings can lead to elevated polycyclic arom.
hydrocarbon (PAH) concns. in the distributed drinking water. This
project examd. processes and mechanisms responsible for the
occurrence of these compds. in drinking water distribution systems.
Results showed the occurrence of PAH in a drinking water distribution
system was linked to the presence of Cl2 and ClO2 used for common
disinfection practice. In lab. expts., it was shown that the coal-tar
surface represents a substrate for biofilm growth which exhibit
protective effects. Generally, hostile environmental conditions for
microbiol. activity of the biofilm (e.g., disinfection, stagnation periods,
anaerobic conditions) were identified as important factors favoring the
occurrence of PAH in drinking water. Immediately after stagnation
periods, an increase of PAH concns. was obsd. Moreover, it was
clearly shown that disturbances in the hydraulic regime (e.g., water
hammers, valve operation, rapid increases in flow velocity) can result in
enhanced PAH concns. by destabilization of the biofilm matrix or high
shear forces affecting the pipe walls resulting in the release of particles
highly contaminated with PAH which may be responsible for drinking
water contamination.
614.
132:82992
Treatment of waste water in lime-process papermills.
Cui, Anping (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1180663 A 6 May 1998,7 pp. (Chinese). (People's
Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: C02F001-38.
ICS: C02F001-52. APPLICATION: CN 1997-105824 21 Apr 1997.
PRIORITY: CN 1996-115923 1 Aug 1996. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent
CA Section: 60 (Waste Treatment and Disposal) Section
cross-reference(s): 43
The waste water is mixed with flocculants(e.g., basic AlCl3) and
bactericides(e.g., ClO2), and sepd. for recovery of water.
615.
132:80073
Toilet soap composition.
Yu, Tianhao; Xian, Zhiming; Dong, Qiang (Tianjin Yumeijing Daily
Chemical Plant, Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing
Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1173535 A 18 Feb 1998, 4 pp. (Chinese).
(People's Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM:
C11D009-38. APPLICATION: CN 1996-111359 10 Aug 1996.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 46 (Surface Active Agents
and Detergents) Section cross-reference(s): 10, 45
The toilet soap contains soap base, perfume, natural fatty oil, and milk
powder 0.5-5%. The toilet soap also contains 3,4,4'-trichloro di-Ph
urea 0.2-0.5, Na dichloroisocyanurate 1-5, and chlorine dioxide
0.1-0.3% as antiseptic.
616.
132:74650
Evaluation of the environmental toxicity and genotoxicity of chemical
products frequently used in kraft pulping and bleaching processes.
Stenzel, Luciane; Foelkel, Celso; Gallardo, Vera R. B.; Quaglia, Luiz (
Bahia Sul Celulose S.A., Brazil). Papel, 60(9), 56-60, 62-66, 68
(Portuguese) 1999 Associacao Brasileira Tecnica de Celulose e
Papel. CODEN: PAPLA3. ISSN: 0031-1057. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal; General Review CA Section: 4 (Toxicology)
The aim of this study was the searching of whether chronical toxicity
and genotoxicity are or not present in chem. reagents applied and/or
generated in reactions developing throughout the pulp cooking,
delignification and bleaching processes.
617.
132:72974
Electrochemical cell with nonporous or microporous silicon membrane
separator for aggressive medium.
Reiss, Gerhard (Germany ). Ger. Offen. DE 19830205 A1 13 Jan
2000,6 pp. (German). (Germany). CODEN: GWXXBX. CLASS: ICM:
G01N027-403. ICS: G01N027-30; G01N027-40. APPLICATION: DE
1998-19830205 7 Jul 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section:
79 (Inorganic Analytical Chemistry)
An electrochem. measurement cell for use in aggressive media
consists of an inner electrode and an electrolyte-contg. chamber, in
which a non-porous or microporous silicon membrane separates the
electrolyte chamber from the measuring fluid. The membrane is
0.05-1.0 mm (preferably 0.125-0.250 mm) thick. The silicon
membrane is supported on a supporting ring or support material,
fabricated as a gauze or a fabric. The electrolyte preferably is
composed of a buffer soln. (at pH 4), KI, and ammonium molybdate
tetrahydrate. The cell is esp. useful for detn. of chlorine, chlorine
dioxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or peracetic acid solns.
618.
132:69000
Effect of oxidizing biocides on the stability of organic phosphorus water
treatment agents.
Yan, Lian-he; Zhu, Bin; Xia, Ming-zhu (Water Treatment Institute,
Nanjong University of Seience & Technology 210094, Peop. Rep.
China). Shuichuli Jishu, 25(6), 362-364 (Chinese) 1999 Shuichuli Jishu
Bianjibu. CODEN: SHJIEG. ISSN: 1000-3770. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 5
Many tests proved oxidizing biocides: chlorine gas and chlorine dioxide
usually used in circulating cooling water treatment in different concn.
affected greatly on the stability of org. phosphorus water treatment
agents: HEDP and PBTCA. At the same concn., the antioxidizing
property of PBTCA was greater than that of HEDP, the retention time of
chlorine dioxide in water was longer than that of Cl gas. In order to
maintain the phosphorus agent stability, the residual chloride in water
must be controlled at *0.5 ppm.
619.
132:68517
Application of chlorine dioxide in industrial wastewater treatment.
Chen, Honglin; Zhang, Changshou; Su, Jing (Jingjiang Environment
Monitoring Station, Jingjiang 214500, Peop. Rep. China). Gongye
Shuichuli, 19(6), 5-6 (Chinese) 1999 Gongye Shuichuli Zazhishe.
CODEN: GOSHFA. ISSN: 1005-829X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal
CA Section: 60 (Waste Treatment and Disposal)
The application of ClO2 in the treatment of different industrial
wastewaters was studied. The results showed that ClO2 could
effectively remove phenols, chlorinated phenols, and other arenes from
wastewater because of its strong oxidative properties and react with
S2-, NO2-, CN- and other harmful components by oxidn. and redn., so
their discharge concns. were decreased. The operation is convenient
and gives good results.
620.
132:66207
Manufacture of solid chlorine dioxide.
Cao, Guowu (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1175350 A 11 Mar 1998,6 pp. (Chinese). (People's
Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: A01N025-34.
ICS: A01N059-00. APPLICATION: CN 1996-109562 30 Aug 1996.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 49 (Industrial Inorganic
Chemicals)
The process comprises reacting NaClO3 with dild. H2SO4 in methanol
in the presence of NaCl as catalyst at 60- 70*, absorbing the
condensated ClO2 with water, regulating pH to 8-9, spraying on
absorbent and forming a viscous body, and tabletting the viscous body.
The catalyst may be replaced by MgCl2, KCl, or Na2SO4. The
absorbent is selected from synthetic Ca silicate, SiO2 particulate,
activated C, and volcanic ash.
621.
132:56979 Correction of: 129:34335
Vibrational relaxation of ClO2 in water.
Poulsen, J. Aa.; Thomsen, C. L.; Kelding, S. R.; Thogersen, J. (
Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000,
Den.). J. Chem. Phys., 108(20), 8461-8471 (English) 1998 American
Institute of Physics. CODEN: JCPSA6. ISSN: 0021-9606.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 74 (Radiation Chemistry,
Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic
Processes) Section cross-reference(s): 73
Photodissocn. of ClO2 in aq. soln. at 400 nm results in the formation of
ClO + O and Cl + O2. ClO and O geminately recombine to ClO2 in the
electronic ground state (2B1), formed with an initial vibrational energy of
u2.5 eV. In this paper the vibrational relaxation of ClO2(2B1) in aq. soln.
is studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the
spectral range 234 to 1024 nm. The measured transient absorption of
the vibrationally relaxing ClO2 mols. is compared with the transient
absorption calcd. for relaxation in the asym. stretch as well as the sym.
stretch and bending modes. The calcns. of the absorption spectra
pertaining to the asym. stretch are based on a harmonic potential
derived from the exptl. detd. fundamental vibrational energy, whereas
that of the sym. vibrations are based on ab initio potentials. An
excellent agreement is obtained by assuming that the vibrational
relaxation predominantly occurs in the asym. stretch with a 9.5 ps
relaxation time. A weak spectral feature in the UV part of the spectrum
is assigned to vibrational relaxation in the sym. stretch and bending
modes, indicating a coupling between the asym. and sym. modes.
622.
132:54616
Hygiene sterilizing liquid containing chlorine dioxide.
Ye, Zhongliang (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing
Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1177445 A 1 Apr 1998,6 pp. (Chinese).
(People's Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM:
A01N059-00. APPLICATION: CN 1997-118338 26 Sep 1997.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 62 (Essential Oils and
Cosmetics)
The liq. is composed of stable ClO2 soln. 1-7, furacilin 0.01-0.1,
essence 0.01-0.5, ethanol 5-10, water 60-90 part, and its pH is 7.2-9.5.
The liq. may be composed of stable ClO2 soln. 1-12, essence 0.01-2,
ethanol 5-30, Tween-20 and/or K-12 0.2-7, glycerin or sorbitol 4-20,
sol. saccharin 0.01-0.08, and water 30-90 part.
623.
132:54521
Group-type integrated water purification apparatus.
Tian, Jinzhi; Jiao, Zhaolin; Qi, Peishi; Chang, Sen; Gao, Wenbin;
Zhang, Tiecheng (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing
Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1168867 A 31 Dec 1997,6 pp. (Chinese).
(People's Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM:
C02F009-00. ICS: C02F001-48; C02F001-78; C02F001-76;
C02F001-28. APPLICATION: CN 1996-106538 18 Jun 1996.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 61 (Water) Section
cross-reference(s): 47
The app. consists of a water inlet pipe, a water pump, a flowmeter, a
net filter, an elec. control cabinet, a PE filter, a magnetization filter
contg. MnO2-modified activated C and magnetizer, a disinfectant
generator (ozone or chlorine dioxide generator), a water outlet pipe,
and a water tank.
624.
132:54502
Application of stable chlorine dioxide solution in circulating water.
Yang, Bin (The Refinery of Yangzi Petrochemical Company, Nanjing
210048), Peop. Rep. China). Shiyou Lianzhi Yu Huagong, 30(10),
52-55 (Chinese) 1999 Shiyou Lianzhi Yu Huagong Zazhishe. CODEN:
SLYHEE. ISSN: 1005-2399. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section:
61 (Water)
The mechanism of sterilization of chlorine and chlorine dioxide soln. in
circulating water treating and their operating conditions were
compared. The application result showed that the remained bacterium
nos. after chlorine dioxide soln. treating were much less than using
chlorine as bactericide.
625.
132:54491
Use of chlorine dioxide plants for drinking water disinfection.
Schrott, J. (Stadtwerke Lohr am Main, Lohr D-97806, Germany).
Energ. Wasser Prax., 50(11), 428-433 (German) 1999 DELIWA
Berufsvereinigung fuer das Energie- und Wasserfach. CODEN:
EWAPFC. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water)
In Lohr, a city in south Germany, 3 drinking water disinfection plants
were built. Criteria which lead to the choice of ClO2 disinfection (i.e. pH
of the water) and the technique itself are described. ClO2 has a high
oxidizing potential against org. and inorg. compds. and produces less
unwanted compds. as Cl-phenols or Cl-amines then other disinfecting
additives.
626.
132:54046
Deodorizing and fresh-keeping agent for refrigerator.
Wang, Yatie (Rongxin New and High Technology Co., Jiangxi Prov.,
Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu
CN 1166362 A 3 Dec 1997, 4 pp. (Chinese). (People's Republic of
China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: A61L009-01.
APPLICATION: CN 1997-108092 5 Jun 1997. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 59 (Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene) Section
cross-reference(s): 51
The agent consists of 10 parts of component A and 40 parts of
component B; the component A is stable ClO2 (20,000 ppm) formed by
adsorbing ClO2 gas with mixed soln. of soda flakes, H3BO3, and H2O2,
and the component B is edible citric acid, HOAc or H3PO4.
627.
132:54022
Wet desulfurization of boiler flue gases.
Zhuang, Yahui (Ecotope Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peop.
Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN
1173386 A 18 Feb 1998, 8 pp. (Chinese). (People's Republic of
China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: B01D053-50.
APPLICATION: CN 1996-106432 12 Aug 1996. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 59 (Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene) Section
cross-reference(s): 67
Boiler flue gases are desulfurized in an absorption tower by utilizing
FeSO4 as an absorbent; H2O2, ClO2, or NaClO3 as an oxidant; Fe
oxide or nitrates as a catalyst; and NaOH as a pH regulator during
redox reaction. The method reduces lining cost and prevents
secondary pollution.
628.
132:51320
Reduction of AOX formation during chlorine dioxide bleaching.
Joncourt, Marie Jeanne; Froment, Pierre; Lachenal, Dominique; Chirat,
Christine (Ecole Francaise de Papeterie, St. Martin d'Heres 38402,
Fr.). Tappi J., 83(1), 144-148 (English) 2000 TAPPI. CODEN:
TAJODT. ISSN: 0734-1415. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section:
43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products)
The principal source of the organically bound Cl (AOX) that is formed
during ClO2 bleaching is hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is generated
when ClO2 reacts with lignin (I). At low pH, this HOCl can be converted
to Cl, which contributes to AOX formation. Lab. studies showed that
AOX formation can be almost totally suppressed by adding DMSO,
which reacts with HOCl to give di-Me sulfone (DMSO2). The quantity of
HOCl captured by DMSO represents roughly 75% of the initial ClO2
charge (on a mole basis). However, this translates to a 1/3 loss of
delignification efficiency. Consequently, any decrease of AOX by
adding DMSO would require an increase in the ClO2 charge to
maintain delignification efficiency. Another approach, based on the
same HOCl-scavenging mechanism, was also studied. In this case,
HOCl is captured by the chlorite ions that are formed when ClO2 reacts
with I. The results showed that AOX formation can be decreased
significantly by splitting the ClO2 charge and adding alkali to raise the
pH to neutral when each ClO2 split is applied. This approach shows
promise because it did not decrease delignification.
629.
132:43947
Production process and application of chlorine dioxide.
Sun, Zhanqiang; Cao, Lijuan; Yang, Xiaogang (Henan Chest Hospital,
Zhengzhou 450003, Peop. Rep. China). Henan Huagong, (9), 6-8
(Chinese) 1999 Henansheng Shiyou Huaxue Gongye Keji Qingbao
Zhongxinzhan. CODEN: HEHUF3. ISSN: 1003-3467. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal; General Review CA Section: 78 (Inorganic Chemicals
and Reactions) Section cross-reference(s): 9
A review with 2 refs. is presented on the prodn. and application of ClO2.
630.
132:41901
Slow Heterogeneous Charge Transfer Kinetics for the ClO2-/ClO2
Redox Couple at Platinum, Gold, and Carbon Electrodes. Evidence for
Nonadiabatic Electron Transfer.
Sinkaset, Namphol; Nishimura, Akane M.; Pihl, Josh A.; Trogler,
William C. (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA). J. Phys.
Chem. A, 103(49), 10461-10469 (English) 1999 American Chemical
Society. CODEN: JPCAFH. ISSN: 1089-5639. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 72 (Electrochemistry) Section cross-reference(s):
67
Chlorite (ClO2-) is one of the few simple aq. anions that forms a stable
product on 1-electron oxidn. The heterogeneous charge transfer rate
consts. at E* = 0.700 V vs. SCE for the ClO2-/ClO2 redox couple were
measured at Au, Pt, and glassy carbon electrodes in aq. KNO3 solns.
using rotating disk and a.c. voltammetry techniques between 10 and
30*. At 25* in 1.0M KNO3 and pH = 7, the std. heterogeneous rate
consts. kel were measured as 0.015 * 0.001 cm/s and 0.014 * 0.003
cm/s, resp., at Au and reduced Pt electrodes. The transfer coeff. a on
gold is 0.50 * 0.01 using a.c. voltammetry. The heterogeneous rate
consts. obtained using a glassy carbon electrode were slower (0.0079
* 0.001 cm/s at 25*). The measured activation free energy for electron
transfer at a gold electrode was 25 * 3.3 kJ/mol with a preexponential
factor of 310(+900/-230) cm/s. Heterogeneous rate consts. of expts.
performed in D2O solvent were only slightly slower than those
measured in H2O, indicating that the redox couple does not exhibit
differential hydrogen bonding. Digital simulation of cyclic
voltammograms, with kel detd. from the a.c. voltammetry and rotating
disk techniques, gave good agreement with expt. Marcus theory was
applied to understand the unexpected slow heterogeneous kinetics for
this simple redox couple. Addnl., the preexponential factor in the
semiclassical expression describing heterogeneous electron transfer
was examd. The slow electron transfer process is primarily attributed
to a small preexponential factor that may arise from a high degree of
nonadiabaticity in the electron transfer process.
631.
132:41084
Long-lived homogeneous amide containing macrocyclic compounds.
Collins, Terrence J.; Gordon-Wylie, Scott W.; Horwitz, Colin P. (
Carnegie Mellon Univ., USA). PCT Int. Appl. WO 9964156 A1 16 Dec
1999, 128 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: W: AE, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ,
BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB,
GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC,
LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT,
RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, UZ, VN, YU,
ZA, ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM; RW: AT, BE, BF, BJ,
CF, CG, CH, CI, CM, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GA, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU,
MC, ML, MR, NE, NL, PT, SE, SN, TD, TG. (English). (World
Intellectual Property Organization). CODEN: PIXXD2. CLASS: ICM:
B01J031-18. ICS: C07F015-00; C07D257-02; C07D257-10.
APPLICATION: WO 1999-US12475 4 Jun 1999. PRIORITY: US
1998-96753 12 Jun 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 67
(Catalysis, Reaction Kinetics, and Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms)
Section cross-reference(s): 10, 28, 40, 60, 78
Transition metal complexes with amide contg. N- and O-contg.
macrocyclic compds. are claimed, which contain oxidn. resistant
groups, as oxidn. catalysts for activation of an oxidant for sterilization,
wound cleaning, fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal and herbicidal
oxidns. or for water treatment. Thus, I was prepd. by the reaction of
a-aminoisobutyric acid and di-Me malonyl dichloride followed by
coupling with 4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine. The Fe(III) and Fe(IV)
complexes of I were prepd.
632.
132:40150
Analysis of stabilized chlorine dioxide.
Shin, Ho-Sang; Oh-Shin, Yun-Suk (Dep. Environ. Educ., Kongju Natl.
Univ., Cheungnam 150-100, S. Korea). Anal. Sci. Technol., 12(5),
403-407 (Korean) 1999 Korean Society of Analytical Sciences.
CODEN: ASCTET. ISSN: 1225-0163. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal
CA Section: 61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 79
A modified iodometric titrn. method for detn. of chlorine dioxide in
drinking water was developed. The interfering substance can be
removed by N2 purging before the detn. Chlorite and chlorate were
successfully quantified by the ion chromatog.-cond. detection. It is
concluded that the com. available chlorine dioxide contains only trace
amt. of chlorine dioxide (0.01-0.09%) but chlorite as its major
component.
633.
132:37673
High-purity alkali metal chlorite and its manufacture.
Dick, Peter David; Cowley, Gerald (Sterling Canada, Inc., USA). Eur.
Pat. Appl. EP 963945 A1 15 Dec 1999, 10 pp. DESIGNATED
STATES: R: AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE,
MC, PT, IE, SI, LT, LV, FI, RO. (English). (European Patent
Organization). CODEN: EPXXDW. CLASS: ICM: C01B011-10.
APPLICATION: EP 1999-850102 9 Jun 1999. PRIORITY: US
1998-88542 9 Jun 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 49
(Industrial Inorganic Chemicals) Section cross-reference(s): 43, 61
An alkali metal chlorite, particularly NaClO2, is produced with a low
carbonate level by combining a ClO2-generating system operating at
subatmospheric pressure with a chlorite-formation reactor in which the
ClO2 reacts with H2O2 in the presence of aq. alkali metal hydroxide,
particularly NaOH. The high-purity product is suitable for conversion to
ClO2 which can be used for water disinfection or pulp bleaching.
634.
132:37171
Arundo donax pulp, paper products, and particleboard and their
production.
Altheimer, Ernett; Wolcott, Michael P. (Alex-Alt Biomass, Inc.;
Washington State University Research Foundation, USA). PCT Int.
Appl. WO 9966119 A1 23 Dec 1999, 46 pp. DESIGNATED STATES:
W: AE, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU,
CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS,
JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK,
MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ,
TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ,
MD, RU, TJ, TM; RW: AT, BE, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CH, CI, CM, CY, DE,
DK, ES, FI, FR, GA, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, ML, MR, NE, NL, PT, SE,
SN, TD, TG. (English). (World Intellectual Property Organization).
CODEN: PIXXD2. CLASS: ICM: D21C001-06. ICS: D21C011-12.
APPLICATION: WO 1999-US13519 16 Jun 1999. PRIORITY: US
1998-89596 17 Jun 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 43
(Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products)
Composite panels and pulp, and paper products of the pulp, are
produced from Arundo donax (nalgrass). In the fabrication of the
composite panels, Arundo donax is comminuted to a suitable size,
combined with a binder, and consolidated into panels that meet stds.
for construction and/or furniture grade panels. The Arundo donax
particulates may be combined with wood particulates to produce a
mixed furnish that can be used in the prepn. of composite panels.
Comminuted Arundo donax is treated in conventional pulping
processes to produce a high tensile strength pulp that can be used in
the prodn. of paper. The pulp has a lighter color than wood pulp, and
thereby uses less bleaching chems. to achieve a desired whiteness.
The pulp can be combined with wood pulp to produce a variety of
products.
635.
132:37167
Paper-making pulp bleaching process to prevent black liquor
formation.
Li, Xuemin (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1151458 A 11 Jun 1997,5 pp. (Chinese). (People's
Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: D21C003-00.
APPLICATION: CN 1996-112545 12 Sep 1996. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood
Products)
The process is characterized by bleaching with bleaching liq. for 3-7
day immediately after removing dust from raw material to prevent the
formation of black liquor. The bleaching liq. (contg. chlorine >500
mg/L) is aq. soln. contg. NaClO, H2O2, NaClO2, and Cl2 or ClO2.
636.
132:37143
The influence of the bleaching medium on caustic extraction efficiency.
II. Oxidized lignin solubility.
Brogdon, Brian N.; Dimmel, Donald R.; McDonough, Thomas J. (
Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318-5794,
USA). J. Wood Chem. Technol., 19(4), 307-321 (English) 1999 Marcel
Dekker, Inc. CODEN: JWCTDJ. ISSN: 0277-3813. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other
Wood Products)
Caustic extns. performed with >50% EtOH solns. severely hindered
lignin (I) removal from ClO2 (D0)-treated pulps. The alkali soly. of an
isolated D0 I decreased as the concn. of EtOH in the medium was
increased from 50 to 75%. In addn., the amt. of dissolved I in the alk.
extn. effluents approached its soly. limit when the medium contained
>50% EtOH. These results indicated that alk. extns. of D0-stage pulps
with EtOH-rich media were limited by the lower soly. of ionized I
fragments in these solns., as compared to water. An empirical soly.
parameter anal. predicted that non-ionized D0 I samples should be
more sol. in EtOH than in water. Indeed, delignification with an acid
extn. stage was improved when the water was replaced with EtOH.
637.
132:26363
Apparatus and method for treating industrial wastewaters containing
diazodinitrophenol.
Wen, Shiwu (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1161940 A 15 Oct 1997,13 pp. (Chinese).
(People's Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM:
C02F009-00. ICS: C02F001-24; C02F001-72; C02F001-28.
APPLICATION: CN 1996-101999 15 Mar 1996. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 60 (Waste Treatment and Disposal)
The app. comprises means for air floatation of wastewaters contg.
diazodinitrophenol, means for dosing the waters from a flotation tank
with a coagulant to agglomerate floc, means for pptg. the treated
waters and filtering the effluent into a solid-liq. separator, means for
oxidizing the filtrate with ClO2 to decomp. org. matter, and means for
contacting treated water with activated carbon adsorbents to sep.
decompd. fractions, means for desorbing and regenerating spent
activated carbon adsorbents by utilizing a 5% NaOH soln., and means
for discharging the treated water. The app. reduces operation cost and
prevents secondary pollution.
638.
132:24512
Application of chlorine dioxide on water-flooding recovery.
Zhao, Xiaodong (Dep. Petrol. Eng., Southwest Petrol. Inst., Nanchong
637001, Peop. Rep. China). Xinan Shiyou Xueyuan Xuebao, 21(3),
66-69 (Chinese) 1999 Xinan Shiyou Xueyuan Xuebao Bianjibu.
CODEN: XSXUEG. ISSN: 1000-2634. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal
CA Section: 51 (Fossil Fuels, Derivatives, and Related Products)
Section cross-reference(s): 49
Data from prodn. and expts. show that aq. soln. of chlorine dioxide can
completely remove the plugging of ferrous sulfide, biomass residues
and polymers present in prodn. and waterflood well. Investigation on
mechanism has indicated that the chlorine dioxide can oxidate these
plugging into sol. and hydrophilic substance. A method of manufg.
cheap, available and suitable chlorine dioxide is suggested.
639.
132:24047
Pulp bleaching process with reduced barium scaling.
Jack, David B. (Weyerhaeuser Company, USA). PCT Int. Appl. WO
9966120 A1 23 Dec 1999, 28 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: W: AL,
AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK,
EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG,
KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX,
NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA,
UG, UZ, VN, YU, ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM; RW: AT,
BE, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CH, CI, CM, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GA, GB,
GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, ML, MR, NE, NL, PT, SE, SN, TD, TG. (English).
(World Intellectual Property Organization). CODEN: PIXXD2. CLASS:
ICM: D21C009-14. ICS: D21C009-00. APPLICATION: WO
1999-US12766 8 Jun 1999. PRIORITY: US 1998-100158 18 Jun
1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin,
Paper, and Other Wood Products)
In a wood pulp bleaching process using ClO2 as the primary bleaching
agent, where a primary process stream comprising wood pulp is
contacted with ClO2 and then washed in a post-chlorination washing
stage, the Ba (BaSO4) scale is reduced by collecting the filtrate from
the 1st post-chlorination washing stage and reducing the pH of the
primary wood pulp stream prior to contacting with ClO2 by combining a
portion of the collected filtrate having a pH <7 with the primary stream.
640.
132:19775
Toxicity of conventional, elemental chlorine-free, and totally
chlorine-free kraft-pulp bleaching effluents assessed by short-term
lethal and sublethal bioassays.
Tarkpea, Maria; Eklund, Britta; Linde, Margareta; Bengtsson,
Bengt-Erik (Institute of Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm
University, Stockholm S-106 91, Swed.). Environ. Toxicol. Chem.,
18(11), 2487-2496 (English) 1999 SETAC Press. CODEN: ETOCDK.
ISSN: 0730-7268. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4
(Toxicology) Section cross-reference(s): 10, 61
The toxicity of nine effluents from Swedish kraft-pulp mills using
conventional, elemental chlorine-free (ECF) and totally chlorine-free
(TCF) bleaching processes was studied. Effluents represented six
different processes: conventional-softwood 30% ClO2; ECF-softwood;
TCF-hardwood, for which all the samples were taken before and after
secondary treatment; conventional-softwood 8% ClO2; TCF-softwood
O3/H2O2; and TCF-softwood H2O2. Comparison of effluents, which had
not undergone secondary treatment, suggested that those from mills
using conventional bleached pulp were the most toxic, with toxic
emission factors (TEF) u 1,000 according to the Microtox test (AZUR
Environmental, Carlsbad, CA, USA). In the acute Nitocra spinipes test,
the conventional-softwood 8% ClO2 and the ECF-softwood effluents
before secondary treatment were the most toxic, with TEF u 700. In the
reprodn. test, N. spinipes was two to three times more sensitive than in
the lethal test. The species most sensitive to the effluents investigated
was the macroalga Ceramium strictum, with TEF values up to 3,000.
The conventional effluent using a substitution of 8% ClO2 was the most
toxic, and the TCF effluents were the least toxic. Degrdn. treatment of
the ECF and TCF effluents for 28 d in the lab. did not eliminate acute
lethal effects on N. spinipes and the Microtox bacterium.
641.
132:15502
System for whitening teeth surfaces.
Wolf, Robert O. (USA ). PCT Int. Appl. WO 9962472 A1 9 Dec
1999,16 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: W: AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA,
BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD,
GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK,
LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO,
RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU,
ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM; RW: AT, BE, BF, BJ, CF,
CG, CH, CI, CM, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GA, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC,
ML, MR, NE, NL, PT, SE, SN, TD, TG. (English). (World Intellectual
Property Organization). CODEN: PIXXD2. CLASS: ICM:
A61K007-16. APPLICATION: WO 1999-US12325 3 Jun 1999.
PRIORITY: US 1998-87850 3 Jun 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent
CA Section: 62 (Essential Oils and Cosmetics)
Disclosed is a system for whitening teeth surfaces in the form of a
whitening strip. The strip has a plurality of layers including a base layer
and a carrier layer. The carrier layer includes a whitening agent, e.g.
hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, trichloroisocyanuric acid, etc.
and an adhesive, e.g. polyisobutylene, isoprene-styrene block
copolymers, urethanes, etc. for applying the strip to teeth. The base
layer is a flexible layer for supporting the carrier layer.
642.
132:13545
Chlorine dioxide generator.
Liang, Hua (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1164507 A 12 Nov 1997,6 pp. (Chinese). (People's
Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: C01B011-02.
APPLICATION: CN 1997-105713 10 Mar 1997. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 49 (Industrial Inorganic Chemicals)
The generator consists of two raw material canisters each with a
charging hole, through regulating valve connected with reaction canister
fixed with safety valve, check valve, reaction fluid outlet, vent-pipe, raw
material feed pipe, jet pump and products outlet connected with the
reaction chamber. The reaction canister is segregated by segregating
plate into reacting reaction chamber with muddler and blender chamber
fixing the muddler. The generator with simple structure is low cost, high
reactive rate, high feedstock conversion, and high chlorine dioxide
content.
643.
132:13235
Method of bleaching pulp.
Igarashi, Hideo; Fukunaga, Nobuyuki; Uchida, Yosuke; Kagawa,
Hitoshi; Miura, Takahiro; Iwasaki, Makoto (Oji Paper Co., Ltd., Japan).
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11323758 A2 26 Nov 1999 Heisei, 9 pp.
(Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM: D21C009-08.
ICS: D21C009-02; D21C009-10; D21C009-147. APPLICATION: JP
1998-134194 30 Apr 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section:
43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products)
The method, for remover of pitch efficiently from pulp, is carried out by
treating a cooked lignocellulose with a process comprising treating the
pulp with a bleaching agent and compress cleaning the treated pulp,
repeatly, optionally, with an enzyme treatment.
644.
132:11701
Anti-disturbance function of anti-disturbance microbial media.
Wu, Qingping; Cai, Zhihe; Zhang, Jumei; Zhou, Xiaoyan; Yao, Ruhua (
South China University of Technology, Canton 510642, Peop. Rep.
China). Weishengwuxue Tongbao, 26(3), 175-179 (Chinese) 1999
Kexue Chubanshe. CODEN: WSWPDI. ISSN: 0253-2654.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed
Chemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 10
Bacteria, fungi, and coliform bacteria measurement can be disturbed
seriously by preservatives, disinfectants, and ozone in food and
beverage. The bacteria, fungi and coliform bacteria detectability of the
anti-disturbance microbial media by using the anti-preservative,
anti-disinfectant, and anti-ozone microbial media, resp. to detect the
samples, which contain residual preservatives potassium sorbate and
sodium benzoate, disinfectant chloride dioxide and ozone, was much
higher than that of the general microbial media and is almost the same
as the detectability of the general microbial media when which were
used to detect the samples without the remains of the preservatives,
disinfectants and ozone.
645.
132:6152
Application of chlorine dioxide to treatment of petroleum polluted
groundwater.
Zhao, Zhenye; Zhu, Kun; Huang, Junli; Wei, Baocheng; Chen, Zhiqiang (
School of Munic. and Environ. Eng., Harbin Univ. of Civil Eng. and
Architec., Harbin 150008, Peop. Rep. China). Zhongguo Jishui
Paishui, 15(9), 55-57 (Chinese) 1999 Zhongguo Jishui Paishui
Zazhishe. CODEN: ZGPAFP. ISSN: 1000-4602. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 51
A ClO2 oxidn. process for treating petroleum polluted groundwater was
presented. The aroms. in the groundwater were degraded to small
mol. matters by ClO2, and the concn. of the aroms. was decreased from
7.793 to 0.093 mg L-1, that of paraffinic hydrocarbons was increased
from 1.08 to 1.844 mg L-1. The ClO2 oxidn. process had significant
sterilization effect for treating the groundwater.
646.
132:4511
Method for manufacture of chlorine dioxide.
Klatte, Fred (Akzo Nobel N.V.; Eka Chemicals AB, Neth.). PCT Int.
Appl. WO 9962817 A1 9 Dec 1999, 25 pp. DESIGNATED STATES:
W: AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ,DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE,KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW,MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT,UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW; RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES,
FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE. (English). (World
Intellectual Property Organization). CODEN: PIXXD2. CLASS: ICM:
C01B011-02. APPLICATION: WO 1999-SE887 25 May 1999.
PRIORITY: US 1998-89611 3 Jun 1998; US 1999-274455 22 Mar
1999. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 49 (Industrial Inorganic
Chemicals)
The invention relates to generation of chlorine dioxide by activating a
solid carrier impregnated with salts of chlorite or chlorate, and/or
substance reacting directly or indirectly with the chlorite or chlorate to
form chlorine dioxide, and/or a proton generating agent.