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301.
131:229990
Compositions and process for making Lyocell fibers having high
hemicellulose content.
Luo, Mengkui; Roscelli, Vincent A.; Neogi, Amar N.; Sealey, James E.,
II; Jewell, Richard A. (Weyerhaeuser Company, USA). PCT Int. Appl.
WO 9947733 A1 23 Sep 1999, 73 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: W:
AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE,
DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE,
KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW,
MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT,
UA; RW: AT, BE, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CH, CI, CM, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI,
FR, GA, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, ML, MR, NE, NL, PT, SE, SN, TD, TG.
(English). (World Intellectual Property Organization). CODEN:
PIXXD2. CLASS: IC: D01F002-00; C08J005-18; D21C009-00;
D01D005-098; D01D005-18; C08L001-02. APPLICATION: WO
1999-US4729 3 Mar 1999. PRIORITY: US 1998-39737 16 Mar 1998;
US 1998-185423 3 Nov 1998; US 1999-256197 24 Feb 1999.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 40 (Textiles and Fibers)
Section cross-reference(s): 43
Lyocell fibers have a high hemicellulose content, a low lignin content
and including cellulose that has a low av. d.p. (200-1100). The lyocell
fibers have enhanced dye-binding properties and a reduced tendency
to fibrillate. Bleached Kraft softwood pulp was treated (e.g. acid,
steam, alk. chlorine dioxide, transition metal and peracid, or ferrous
sulfate and H2O2) to reduce d.p. and treated to reduce Cu no. (<2.0),
prior for forming fiber and film.
302.
131:228406
Electron transfer from cresols to N3, BrO2, ClO2, NO2 and SO4 radicals:
correlation between rate constants and one-electron reduction
potentials.
Roder, Magda; Foldiak, Gabor; Wojnarovits, Laszlo (Institute of Isotope
and Surface Chemistry, Chemical Research Centre, Hungarian
Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1525, Hung.). Radiat. Phys.
Chem., 55(5-6), 515-519 (English) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.
CODEN: RPCHDM. ISSN: 0969-806X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal
CA Section: 22 (Physical Organic Chemistry) Section
cross-reference(s): 74
The rate consts. of oxidn. of phenol and the cresol isomers to phenoxyl
or methylphenoxyl radicals by inorg. radicals (R) were studied in aq.
solns. at pH = 5.8 and 11.5 using pulse radiolysis. The oxidn. was due
to electron transfer. Using the Marcus theory the electron transfer data
were evaluated on the basis of the energy difference, DE, between the
one-electron redn. potential of the inorg. couple and the mid-point
potential of the half-cell of the phenoxyl/phenolate(phenol) couple. The
std. redn. potentials of (o-CH3C6H4O*/o-CH3C6H4O-) and
(m-CH3C6H4O*/m-CH3C6H4O-) couples (vs. NHE) were detd. as 760
and 800 mV, resp. The electron transfer was found to be diffusion
limited when DE * 500 mV independently of the inorg. radical, type of
phenol or pH. Between 0 * DE * 500 mV the rate consts. showed
good correlation with DE. The rate consts. were dependent on the
isomeric position of the Me substituent.
303.
131:222684
An on-line determination of chlorine dioxide using chlorophenol red by
gas diffusion flow-injection analysis.
Chen, Hui; Fang, Yanjun; Li, Yuan; An, Taicheng (Department of
Chemistry, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Peop. Rep.
China). Lab. Rob. Autom., 11(5), 157-161 (English) 1999 John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. CODEN: LRAUEY. ISSN: 0895-7533. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 79 (Inorganic Analytical Chemistry) Section
cross-reference(s): 61
An online detn. of Cl dioxide (ClO2) in potable water using chlorophenol
red (CPR) by gas diffusion flow-injection anal. (FIA) was studied in the
presence of various chlorinated species that can occur under normal
H2O-treatment conditions. A gas diffusion membrane was used to sep.
the donor (sample) stream from the acceptor (detecting) stream (the
donor stream transports the sample stream to the membrane sep.
device, and the acceptor stream collects all of the penetrated analytes
and transports quant. to the detector) and makes it possible for this
method to eliminate interference from metal ions, as well as other
oxychlorinated compds. such as chlorite and chlorate. The system is
more selective for Cl dioxide than Cl. The linear range of ClO2 concn.
is 0-0.5 mg mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.02 mg mL-1 (S/N = 3) and a
sampling frequency of 50 h-1.
304.
131:219656
The detection of O:SiCl2 as an intermediate during the combustion
process of SiCl4 with O2.
Junker, Markus; Wilkening, Andreas; Binnewies, Michael; Schnockel,
Hansgeorg (Institut Anorganische Chemie, Univ. Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe
D-76128, Germany). Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., (9), 1531-1535 (English)
1999 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. CODEN: EJICFO. ISSN: 1434-1948.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 67 (Catalysis, Reaction
Kinetics, and Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms) Section
cross-reference(s): 78
During the tech. important combustion of SiCl4 with O [SiCl4(g) + O2(g)
= SiO2(s) + 2 Cl2(g)] many intermediates were detected in the past.
However, the presence of the primary species O:SiCl2 was discussed
controversially until today. With the help of matrix isolation technique
O:SiCl2 was monitored via its IR spectrum. With the help of quantum
chem. calcns. the thermodn. data were calcd. first. On this basis it was
possible to find the optimal conditions to trap OSiCl2 from the
high-temp. equil. Furthermore it could be shown via IR spectroscopy
and quantum chem. calcns., that the radical OSiCl does not play a
significant role within this combustion process.
305.
131:218965
Chlorine dioxide generation from chlorate and sulfamic acid for use as
disinfectant in the presence of copper surfaces.
Christopher, Noel Stuart James; Fazel, Maqsood; Squire, John David;
Robinson, Jim Scott (Houseman Limited, UK). Brit. UK Pat. Appl. GB
2332148 A1 16 Jun 1999, 23 pp. (English). (United Kingdom).
CODEN: BAXXDU. CLASS: ICM: A61L002-18. ICS: A61L009-20.
APPLICATION: GB 1998-27420 11 Dec 1998. PRIORITY: GB
1997-26393 12 Dec 1997. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section:
61 (Water)
A process for prodn. and use of a disinfectant for industrial use (esp.
for treatment of the inside of tanks, pipes, and cooling systems),
involves contacting a stabilized conc. of ClO2 with sulfamic acid in the
presence of water to form an aq. acid-contg. liquor and release free
ClO2 as the disinfectant. The liquor is used for treatment of Cu
surfaces. The advantage of using sulfamic acid instead of conventional
acids (e.g., citric acid) is decreased dissoln. and corrosion of Cu
surfaces.
306.
131:201840
Apparatus for forming mixed oxide from oxygen and chlorine.
Achinami, Nobuo; Kamitani, Yoshinori (Hoshizaki Electric Co., Ltd.,
Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11236202 A2 31 Aug 1999
Heisei, 4 pp. (Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM:
C01B011-02. ICS: C01B013-10. APPLICATION: JP 1998-42108 24
Feb 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 49 (Industrial
Inorganic Chemicals) Section cross-reference(s): 40, 63
The app. comprises means for supplying oxygen, means for supplying
chlorine, and means for discharging the mixed oxide formed from O2
and Cl2. O2 and Cl2 are obtained by septate membrane electrolysis of
chloride soln. The mixed oxide can be used as oxidizers, bleaching
agents, and disinfectants.
307.
131:201417
Reduction of total reduced sulfur (TRS) from kraft mill emission vents
using residual bleach plant chlorine dioxide.
O'Connor, Brian; Phaneuf, Dominique; Dunn, Terry (Paprican,
Pointe-Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Can.). Proc. - TAPPI Int. Environ. Conf.,
Volume 3, 891-898. TAPPI Press: Atlanta, Ga. (English) 1999.
CODEN: 67VSAC. DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference CA Section: 43
(Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products) Section
cross-reference(s): 59
A simple and cost-effective approach to decrease odorous misc. total
reduced S (TRS) sources at a kraft pulp mill was identified. The
approach involved mixing the TRS gas stream with the waste residual
ClO2 that is present in the un-scrubbed bleach plant stack gas. Since
ClO2 is a strong chem. oxidant, it is capable of quickly reacting with the
TRS components typically found in kraft pulp and paper mills. The
source of TRS studied at this mill was the weak black liquor storage
tank, a high-vol., low-concn. (HVLC) source, which typically emits TRS
at concns. of 100-200 ppmv. In a small pilot trial at the mill, mixing
simulated weak black liquor tank emissions (TRS levels of 245 and
426 ppmv) with the un-scrubbed bleach plant stack gas (emitting 2-6 kg
ClO2/h) effectively removed the TRS components that were present.
308.
131:186439
Method for treatment of pulp.
Vuorinen, Tapani; Juutilainen, Sari; Vilpponen, Aki (Ahlstrom Machinery
Oy, Finland). Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 940498 A1 8 Sep 1999, 9 pp.
DESIGNATED STATES: R: AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT,
LI, LU, NL, SE, MC, PT, IE, SI, LT, LV, FI, RO. (English). (European
Patent Organization). CODEN: EPXXDW. CLASS: ICM:
D21C009-14. ICS: D21C009-10. APPLICATION: EP 1999-103920 5
Mar 1999. PRIORITY: FI 1998-519 6 Mar 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood
Products)
A method for treatment of pulp in an alk. pulping process of chem. pulp
is provided. The pulp is treated in a ClO2 stage comprising successive
preferably a ClO2 step and an acid treatment step at a pH of 2-5 and a
temp. of over 80*. The conditions in the ClO2 step are such that the
hexenuronic acid groups in the pulp do not react with ClO2.
309.
131:186436
Environmet friendly low-cost pulping method.
Li, Xuemin (Peop. Rep. China ). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu CN 1132810 A 9 Oct 1996,6 pp. (Chinese). (People's
Republic of China). CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: D21C009-12.
APPLICATION: CN 1995-118814 27 Dec 1995. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood
Products)
The method comprises cutting wood or wheat straw, dedusting,
bleaching, cooking, and screening, characterized in that the pulp is
immersed in the bleaching liquor for 1-7 days, and the cooking is
carried out at 3-6.5 kg/cm2 for 1-3 h. The bleaching liquor (Cl content
>1000 mg/L) is prepd. by mixing NaClO, Cl2 or ClO2 and water.
310.
131:184078
Peracetic acid and chlorine dioxide for postharvest control of Monilinia
laxa in stone fruits.
Mari, M.; Cembali, T.; Baraldi, E.; Casalini, L. (CRIOF, University of
Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy). Plant Dis., 83(8), 773-776 (English)
1999 American Phytopathological Society. CODEN: PLDIDE. ISSN:
0191-2917. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 17 (Food and
Feed Chemistry)
The effects of different concns. of peracetic acid (PAA; 62.5, 125, 250,
500, and 1,000 mg/mL) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2; 12.5, 25, 50, 100,
and 200 mg/mL) on germination of Monilinia laxa conidia were tested.
Conidia germination was related to the concn. of the product used, as
well as duration of treatment. Complete inhibition of germination was
obsd. with PAA at 500 mg/mL after 5 min of contact and with ClO2 at 50
mg/mL after 1 min of contact. The results of in vitro tests were
confirmed by inoculation of fruits with treated conidia. The PAA
treatment also was effective 1 h after pathogen inoculation, but only on
plums, for which a 1,000 mg/mL treatment significantly reduced decay
incidence by 50%. In a semicommercial test, pathogen conidia dipped
for 20 min in PAA at 250 mg/mL or ClO2 at 10 mg/mL or for 5 min in
PAA at 250 mg/mL were completely inhibited, and no brown rot was
obsd. in inoculated wounded nectarines and plums.
311.
131:176687
Unexpectedly large O37ClO/O35ClO intensity ratios of the fluorescence
from the low-energy vibrational levels of OClO (A 2A2).
Lim, Goo-Il; Lim, Soon-Mi; Kim, Sang Kyu; Choi, Young S. (Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, S. Korea). J. Chem.
Phys., 111(2), 456-459 (English) 1999 American Institute of Physics.
CODEN: JCPSA6. ISSN: 0021-9606. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal
CA Section: 73 (Optical, Electron, and Mass Spectroscopy and Other
Related Properties) Section cross-reference(s): 74
The fluorescence intensity ratios of O37ClO/O35ClO excited to the * 2A2
state are much larger than that expected from the 37Cl/35Cl natural
abundance ratio for several low-energy vibrational levels. For instance,
the O37ClO/O35ClO ratios are 1.67 and >10 for the (0,0,0) and (1,1,0)
bands, resp., which are 5 and 30 times larger than those expected from
the natural abundance ratio. These unusual isotope effects are obsd. in
a narrow energy region within ~1000 cm-1 above the electronic origin.
Probably the isotopomer-selective, near-resonant spin-orbit coupling of
the low-energy vibrational levels of the 2A2 state with those of the 2A1
state, which provides a decay channel for the 2A2 state via spin-orbit
coupling, is responsible for the unusual isotope effect.
312.
131:174771
Method for production of drinking water by magnetic treatment and
aeration.
Zhao, Zonglei; Wang, Jinzhong; Shao, Xiuzhi; Xu, Zhen (Xinguizu
Development Co. Ltd., Jinan Hi New Development Zone, Peop. Rep.
China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1132185
A 2 Oct 1996, 7 pp. (Chinese). (People's Republic of China).
CODEN: CNXXEV. CLASS: ICM: C02F009-00. ICS: C02F001-469;
C02F001-48. APPLICATION: CN 1995-112118 7 Sep 1995.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 61 (Water)
The title method comprises filtering tap water through fixed beds of
macaroni fiber or semipermeable membrane, passing the filtrate
through an electrodialysis cell and then an ion exchange column to
obtain pure water; magnetic treatment of the pure water in a
magnetizer, aerating the treated water with O2, disinfecting the treated
water ClO2 and O3, cooling and feeding the treated water into beverage
bottles.
313.
131:174738
Na2CO3/H2O2-stabilized ClO2 species. (I). Speciation and the
performance analysis of oxychloride in the "stabilized chlorine dioxide"
solution.
Huang, Junli; Cheng, Lihua (School of Municipal and Environmental
Engineering, Harbin University of Architecture & Civil Engineering,
Harbin 150008, Peop. Rep. China). Huanjing Huaxue, 18(4), 366-372
(Chinese) 1999 Kexue Chubanshe. CODEN: HUHUDB. ISSN:
0254-6108. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water)
Section cross-reference(s): 49
In this paper, the existential pattern of chlorine dioxide and carbonate in
the "stabilized chlorine dioxide" soln. prepd. with H2O2, Na2CO3 and
ClO2 was studied. Furthermore, tests for the thermal stability, the
influence of different factor on the activation and the disinfection effect
on bacteria of the "stabilized chlorine dioxide" were carried out and
compared with those of sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide soln. The
results show that chlorine dioxide and carbonate form ClO2- and HCO3-
species, , resp., in the "stabilized chlorine dioxide" soln. It was proved
that ClO2 had reacted with H2O2 and Na2CO3 in the "stabilized chlorine
dioxide" soln. and produced chlorite ClO2- and bicarbonate HCO3-, and
given off O2 by oxidn.-redn./proton transport reaction. So it was
believed the so called "stabilized chlorine dioxide" is a mixt. of ClO2-
and HCO3-.
314.
131:172225
Na2CO3/H2O2-stabilized ClO2 pattern. (II). UV absorption spectrum,
specificity of paper chromatogram, microstructure and ionic
chromatographic analysis of the "stabilized chlorine dioxide" solution.
Huang, Junli; Cheng, Lihua (School of Municipal and Environmental
Engineering, Harbin University of Architecture & Civil Engineering,
Harbin 150008, Peop. Rep. China). Huanjing Huaxue, 18(4), 373-379
(Chinese) 1999 Kexue Chubanshe. CODEN: HUHUDB. ISSN:
0254-6108. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 49 (Industrial
Inorganic Chemicals) Section cross-reference(s): 60, 61
In this paper, the UV absorption spectrum, the specificity of the paper
chromatogram, the microstructure and the ionic chromatogram of the
so called "stabilized chlorine dioxide" soln. prepd. with ClO2 and H2O2
and Na2CO3 was studied and compared with pure soln. of NaClO2 and
ClO2. The results show that the UV absorption spectrum, the specific
shift value of paper chromatogram, the microstructure and the ion
chromatogram of the "stabilized chlorine dioxide" were similar to those
of NaClO2. This indicates that the species of chlorine dioxide in the
soln. of "stabilized chlorine dioxide" was consistent with NaClO2. So it
was believed that ClO2 forms chlorite ClO2- species in the soln. of
"stabilized chlorine dioxide".
315.
131:171741
Bleaching of organosolv pulp by oxygen-containing reagents.
Pazukhina, G. A.; Teploukhova, M. V. (St.-Peterburg. Lesotekh. Akad.,
St.Petersburg, Russia). Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Lesn. Zh., (6),
75-78 (Russian) 1998 Arkhangel'skii Gosudarstvennyi Tekhnicheskii
Universitet. CODEN: IVZLAL. ISSN: 0536-1036. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood
Products)
A four-step bleaching scheme for organosolv pulp using peracetic acid,
hydrogen peroxide, and chlorine dioxide as bleaching agents allows to
obtain bleached pulp with high mech. properties and brightness
ranging from 82 to 90% at low cellulose losses.
316.
131:171713
Extended oxygen delignification.
Bokstrem, Monika; Norden, Solveig (Sunds Defibrator Ind. AB,
Sundevall, Swed.). Tsellyul., Bum., Karton, (1-2), 12-16 (Russian) 1999
Tsellyuloza, Bumaga, Karton. CODEN: TBKAEY. ISSN: 0869-4923.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper,
and Other Wood Products)
Sulfate pulping of a 70:30 mixt. of pinewood and sprucewood, followed
by extended oxygen delignification at 90* for 60 min resulted in a
significant improvement of pulp bleachability with CkO2, giving pulp with
good mech. properties. The technol. of the whole pulping-bleaching
process is presented.
317.
131:166507
Antimicrobial solution for soil treatment.
Ogawa, Katsutoshi; Shimomura, Hirokazu; Oyama, Masako (Chisso
Corp., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11228318 A2 24 Aug
1999 Heisei, 6 pp. (Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS:
ICM: A01N059-08. ICS: A01N025-00; A01N025-02; A01N059-00;
A01N059-26. APPLICATION: JP 1998-48876 13 Feb 1998.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 5 (Agrochemical
Bioregulators)
A soln. contg. chlorous acid ions and carbonic acid ions is applied to
soils. Microorganisms and insects are controlled by chlorine dioxide
generated in the soil.
318.
131:166506
Foams containing chlorine dioxide disinfectant.
Abe, Koji (Business plan K. K., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP
11228317 A2 24 Aug 1999 Heisei, 4 pp. (Japanese). (Japan).
CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM: A01N059-08. ICS: A01N025-16;
A61L002-16; A61L009-01; C01B011-02; C09K003-30.
APPLICATION: JP 1998-38921 20 Feb 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 5 (Agrochemical Bioregulators)
Chlorous acid Na or Li salt is the stabilizer of chlorine dioxide soln. The
foam-producing agent may be a surfactant and foam stabilizing agent
selected from (1) anionic surfactants contg. mono- or diethanolamine,
(2) nonionic surfactants contg. long-chain alcs., or alkyl sulfoxide, or (3)
liq. paraffins. The form-producing compn. may contain citric acid which
accelerates formation of Cl dioxide.
319.
131:166505
Sterilizing solutions containing chlorine compounds and acids.
Yano, Shozo (Clean Chemical K. K., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho
JP 11228316 A2 24 Aug 1999 Heisei, 14 pp. (Japanese). (Japan).
CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM: A01N059-08. ICS: A01N025-02;
A61L002-18; C02F001-50; C02F001-76; A23L003-358.
APPLICATION: JP 1998-37661 19 Feb 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Patent CA Section: 5 (Agrochemical Bioregulators)
A soln. contains * 50 Cl-compd. mg/L and an acid at pH 5.5-7.5. The
Cl-compds. include sodium hypochlorite, Ca hypochlorite, Na chlorite,
and stabilized chlorine dioxide. The acids are acetic acid, succinic
acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, HCl, etc. The soln. is used in clin.
and food industries and in individual house-hold.
320.
131:161339
An on-line determination of chlorine dioxide using chlorophenol red by
gas diffusion flow-injection analysis.
Chen, Hui; Fang, Yanjun; Yuan, Li; An, Taicheng (Department of
Chemistry, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Peop. Rep.
China). Lab. Rob. Autom., 11(3), 157-161 (English) 1999 John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. CODEN: LRAUEY. ISSN: 0895-7533. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 79
Online detn. of ClO2 in potable water using chlorophenol red (CPR) by
gas diffusion flow-injection anal. (FIA) was investigated in the presence
of various chlorinated species that can occur under normal water
treatment conditions. A gas diffusion membrane separates the donor
(sample) stream from the acceptor (detecting) stream (the donor
stream transports the sample stream to the membrane sep. device,
and the acceptor stream collects all penetrated analytes and transports
quant. to the detector) and makes it possible for this method to
eliminate interference from metal ions and other oxychlorinated
compds., such as chlorite and chlorate. The system is more selective
for ClO2 than Cl2. The linear range of ClO2 concn. is 0-0.5 mg/mL with
a detection limit of 0.02 mg/mL (signal:noise ratio = 3) and a sampling
frequency of 50/h.
321.
131:159374
Using hydrogen peroxide in a methanol-based chlorine dioxide
generation process.
Yin, G.; Ni, Y. (Dr. Jack McKenzie Limerick Pulp and Paper Research
and Education Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB
E3B 6C2, Can.). Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38(9), 3319-3323 (English)
1999 American Chemical Society. CODEN: IECRED. ISSN:
0888-5885. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 49 (Industrial
Inorganic Chemicals) Section cross-reference(s): 40
The effect of adding hydrogen peroxide on a methanol-based chlorine
dioxide generation process was studied. We found that the rate of
chlorine dioxide generation is increased and that chlorine, usually
present as a byproduct in the chlorine dioxide soln., can be largely
eliminated when hydrogen peroxide is present as a co-reducing agent.
A possible explanation to account for these observations was given.
An implication of these exptl. findings for the operation of com. chlorine
dioxide generators was suggested.
322.
131:158989
Technology of Masson pine sulfate pulp OD/CEoD bleaching.
Wei, Jianbin (Fujian Yuexiu Shaowu Pulp and Paper Co. Ltd 354014,
Peop. Rep. China). Zhongguo Zaozhi, 18(2), 60-61 (Chinese) 1999
Zhongguo Zaozhi Xuehui. CODEN: ZHZADC. ISSN: 0254-508X.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper,
and Other Wood Products)
A technol. of Masson pine sulfate pulp OD/CEoD bleaching was
introduced. The amt. of the bleaching agents (Cl2, ClO2, ClO-) in
OD/CEoD bleaching process was compared to that in D/CEoD and
DEH bleaching processes,resp. The amt. of the bleaching agents in
OD/CEoD process decreased by 60%.
323.
131:153063
A universal amperometric membrane-covered gas-sensing electrodes
system: measurement of dissolved oxygen, ozone and chlorine dioxide.
Wang, Rener (West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV, USA). 197 pp.
Avail. UMI, Order No. DA9902323 From: Diss. Abstr. Int., B 1999,
59(8), 4077 (English) 1998. DOCUMENT TYPE: Dissertation CA
Section: 79 (Inorganic Analytical Chemistry) Section
cross-reference(s): 72
Abstract Unavailable
324.
131:150848
A refined near-equilibrium potential energy surface and the absorption
spectrum of OClO (*2A2).
Xie, Daiqian; Guo, Hua (Department of Chemistry and Albuquerque
High Performance Computing Center, University of New Mexico,
Albuquerque, NM, USA). Chem. Phys. Lett., 307(1,2), 109-116
(English) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. CODEN: CHPLBC. ISSN:
0009-2614. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 73 (Optical,
Electron, and Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related Properties)
Section cross-reference(s): 65
We report a refined near-equil. potential energy function for the first
excited electronic state (*2A2) of OClO based on a recent ab initio
calcn. The potential parameters are adjusted to fit the available exptl.
vibrational frequencies using a variational method. Excited vibrational
wavefunctions have significant amplitudes in non-C2v mol. geometry,
despite the fact that the potential has a single C2v min. Due to the
strong coupling between the sym. and anti-sym. stretching coordinates,
the vibration in the latter mode is highly anharmonic. The calcd.
absorption spectrum of the * * X transition indicates activities in all
three vibrational modes, in agreement with exptl. observations.
325.
131:148962
Application of ClO2 to treating produced water of oilfield.
Wang, Shengkun (Shengli Eng. and Research Inst., Dongying 257026,
Peop. Rep. China). Gongye Shuichuli, 19(3), 22-24 (Chinese) 1999
Gongye Shuichuli Zazhishe. CODEN: GOSHFA. ISSN: 1005-829X.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water) Section
cross-reference(s): 10, 51, 60
The application of ClO2 as bactericide to treating produced water of
oilfield was studied. The effect of sterilizing time, the quality of the
produced water, and the tolerance of the bacteria on the sterilization
effectiveness of ClO2 was discussed. ClO2 decreased the microbiol.
induced corrosion in the produced water system when the contents of
reducing substances in the produced water were low and purified the
produced water due to its colloid breaking and mutual pptn. actions.
326.
131:145939
The development of a neural network soft sensor for chlorine dioxide
stage brightness control.
Vaughan, J. Scott; Gottlieb, Paul M.; Lee, Shih-Chen; Beilstein, James
R. (Union Camp Corporation, Franklin, VA, USA). Proc. - TAPPI 99,
Prep. Next Millennium, Volume 1, 147-159. TAPPI Press: Atlanta, Ga.
(English) 1999. CODEN: 67TAAG. DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference
CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products)
Union Camp Corp. uses a neural network development software in the
construction of a real time final brightness prediction model for pulp
bleaching. The objective of the project is to use the prediction model
as a "soft sensor" in the feed-forward control of pulp brightness in a
ClO2 bleaching stage. In early 1996, Union Camp was searching for
new tools for use in the bleaching process for process optimization,
smart alarming, and more advanced process control applications.
Based on several vendor presentations, they elected to purchase a
Gensym G2 advanced control software package and apply the technol.
to the bleaching processes. A final ClO2 bleaching stage was chosen
for the initial project in order to take advantage of a wealth of process
knowledge and to satisfy the need to decrease final pulp variability. A
soft sensor application was chosen because they had had little success
using traditional vendor-supplied brightness meters on their D-stage for
final brightness measurement as a result of various process
constraints. The Gensym package with their NeurOn-Line software
offered the opportunity to predict final brightness via the neural network
model capabilities, so it was decided to est. final brightness based on
the incoming pulp quality and dioxide reaction conditions. Using
process data collected over several months, covering a full range of
operating conditions, a 4 input-single output neural network model was
constructed to predict final brightness. The model is based on the
incoming pulp brightness, ClO2 dose, pH, and ClO2 residual. The result
was a stable, accurate, and reliable model which allowed them to cut
outlet brightness variability, lower overall chem. usage, and simplify the
control of pulp brightness. The development of the artificial neural
network brightness model, the control strategy used, and the pitfalls of
project development are discussed.
327.
131:145905
Effect of pH on kinetics and effectiveness of chlorine dioxide
delignification.
Chandranupap, Panitnad; Loi Nguyen, Kien (Australian Pulp and Paper
Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University,
Clayton 3168, Australia). Appita Annu. Gen. Conf. Proc., 53rd(Vol. 2),
441-445 (English) 1999 Appita. CODEN: AAGPFE. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other
Wood Products)
PH has a pronounced effect on both kinetics and effectiveness of ClO2
delignification of Eucalyptus globulus pulp. The kinetics of ClO2
delignification of kraft pulp follows a 1st-order reaction with a
time-dependent rate const. The parameters of the rate equation are
highly dependent on pH. The delignification by ClO2 is faster and more
effective at pH 4.0 than at pH 2.0 and pH 10.0.
328.
131:141579
Synergistic effects of sequential exposure of Cryptosporidium oocysts
to chemical disinfectants.
Liyanage, L. R. J.; Finch, G. R.; Belosevic, M. (Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G
2G7, Can.). 1997 Int. Symp. Waterborne Cryptosporidium, Proc.,
41-51. Edited by: Fricker, Colin R.; Clancy, Jennifer L.; Rochelle, Paul
A. American Water Works Association: Denver, Colo. (English) 1997.
CODEN: 67PCA2. DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference CA Section: 9
(Biochemical Methods) Section cross-reference(s): 10, 14
Sequential disinfection with chlorine dioxide followed by free chlorine or
monochloramine and with ozone followed by chlorine dioxide were
evaluated for their effect on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum
oocysts. Expts. were conducted at 22癈 in 0.05 M phosphate buffer at
pH 6, 8 and 11. Animal infectivity using neo-natal, CD-1 mice was
used to det. infectiousness after treatment. Chlorine dioxide alone is
more effective in inactivating Cryptosporidium oocysts at pH 11 when
compared to results at pH 6 and 8. Ozone was least effective at pH 11
when compared to results at pH 6 and 8. Sequential disinfection with
chlorine dioxide followed by free chlorine or monochloramine and
ozone followed by chlorine dioxide showed significantly more
inactivation of oocysts due to synergism between the disinfectants at
pH 6 and 8. However, the synergistic effect at pH 11 was greatly
diminished when compared with the results at pH 6 and 8.
329.
131:133853
Treating printing and dyeing wastewater by coagulation-ClO2 treatment
method.
Chen, Honglin; Zhang, Changshou; Su, Jing (Jingjiang Environmental
Monitoring Station, Jingjiang 214500, Peop. Rep. China). Gongye
Shuichuli, 19(2), 32-34 (Chinese) 1999 Gongye Shuichuli Zazhishe.
CODEN: GOSHFA. ISSN: 1005-829X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal
CA Section: 60 (Waste Treatment and Disposal) Section
cross-reference(s): 40
A coagulation-ClO2 treatment process for treating printing and dyeing
wastewater with colority 1000 times, CODCr 724, BOD5 183, SS 372,
and S2- 55.8 mg L-1 was presented. The reaction mechanism, technol.
process, and treatment effect of the process were discussed. The
removal efficiency of colority was 95%, CODCr 82.5%, BOD5 96.6%,
SS 75.5%, and S2- 98.3%.
330.
131:131420
Deinking methods for printed waste paper.
Matsushita, Yasuyuki; Sugino, Mitsuhiro; Tabei, Koichi (Nihon Seishi K.
K., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11200269 A2 27 Jul 1999
Heisei, 7 pp. (Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: ICM:
D21C005-02. APPLICATION: JP 1997-366964 26 Dec 1997.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 43 (Cellulose, Lignin, Paper,
and Other Wood Products) Section cross-reference(s): 42
A method includes aging in aq. alkalies, neutralizing with acids, and
dissocn. with high shear force. Thus, a deinking soln. contained NaOH
0.5-2, Na silicate 1.5-6, H2O2 0.5-2, and DI 767 0.2%.
331.
131:122405
A Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Study of Chlorine Dioxide
Photochemistry in Water and Acetonitrile.
Hayes, Sophia C.; Philpott, Matthew P.; Mayer, Steven G.; Reid, Philip
J. (Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195, USA). J. Phys. Chem. A, 103(28), 5534-5546 (English) 1999
American Chemical Society. CODEN: JPCAFH. ISSN: 1089-5639.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 73 (Optical, Electron, and
Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related Properties) Section
cross-reference(s): 74
The photochem. of chlorine dioxide (OClO) in water and acetonitrile
was studied using time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy.
Stokes and anti-Stokes spectra are measured as a function of time
following photoexcitation using degenerate pump and probe
wavelengths of 390 nm. For aq. OClO, the time-dependent Stokes
intensities are consistent with the re-formation of ground-state OClO by
sub-picosecond geminate recombination of the primary ClO and O
photofragments. This represents the first unequivocal demonstration of
primary-photoproduct geminate recombination in the condensed-phase
photochem. of OClO. Anti-Stokes intensity corresponding to the OClO
sym. stretch is obsd. demonstrating that, following geminate
recombination, excess vibrational energy is deposited along this
coordinate. Anal. of the anti-Stokes decay kinetics demonstrates that,
in water, intermol. vibrational relaxation occurs with a time const. of ~9
ps. For OClO dissolved in acetonitrile, the Stokes scattering intensities
are consistent with a significant redn. in the geminate-recombination
quantum yield relative to water. Comparison of the OClO anti-Stokes
decay kinetics in acetonitrile and water demonstrates that the rate of
intermol. vibrational relaxation is ~4 times smaller in acetonitrile.
Finally, in both solvents the appearance of sym.-stretch anti-Stokes
intensity is significantly delayed relative to geminate recombination.
This delay is consistent with the initial deposition of excess vibrational
energy along the asym.-stretch coordinate followed by intramol.
vibrational energy redistribution. The time scale for this redistribution is
~5 ps in water and ~20 ps in acetonitrile suggesting that intramol.
vibrational energy reorganization is solvent dependent.
332.
131:120521
Operations and design factors affecting disinfection byproducts case
studies.
Routt, Jan C. (West Virginia-American Water Company, WV, USA).
Proc. - Water Qual. Technol. Conf., 2203-2222 (English) 1998
American Water Works Association. CODEN: PWQCD2. ISSN:
0164-0755. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; (computer optical disk) CA
Section: 61 (Water)
Operations and design factors can impact disinfection byproduct
(DBP) formation. Major factors include: source water quality, treatment
plant capacity to effectively remove org. precursors, and Cl2 contact
time in plants and distribution systems. Combinations of pos. factors
(lower DBP) and neg. factors (increase DBP) occur in every system; no
single factor dets. DBP concns. in facilities, but the summation of all
effects do. In addn., changes made to meet DBP requirements must
be balanced with the need to maintain adequate disinfection in plants
and distribution systems. Experience of plants of the West
Virginia-American Water Company are discussed.
333.
131:120518
Optimization of a medium-sized water treatment plant the evolution of
the Soldier Canyon Filter Plant.
Ullmann, Thomas F.; Turner, John (The Engineering Co., Fort Collins,
CO, USA). Proc. - Water Qual. Technol. Conf., 2176-2198 (English)
1998 American Water Works Association. CODEN: PWQCD2. ISSN:
0164-0755. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; (computer optical disk) CA
Section: 61 (Water)
Optimization of improved unit processes and operation of the Soldier
Canyon Filter Plant in Fort Collins, Colorado, including upgrading plant
staff, and changes in plant management and staff and administrator
attitude and philosophy are discussed to show the improvements
achieved. Topics covered include: background; filter improvements;
conventional treatment and turbidity; comprehensive performance
evaluation (administration policies, staffing, funding, operations
process control and testing); Mn removal; particulate removals;
clearwell storage piping modifications; clarifier
improvements;1997-1998 filter addn.; and Partnership for Safe
Drinking Water self-assessment and correction report (design and
status of rapid mix, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, corrosion
control, disinfection , ClO2, and recycle unit processes).
334.
131:120511
Decision tree to select the appropriate drinking water disinfectant.
Murbach, David M.; Neethling, J. B.; Hamele, William (HDR
Engineering, Inc., Folsom, CA, USA). Proc. - Water Qual. Technol.
Conf., 1133-1144 (English) 1998 American Water Works Association.
CODEN: PWQCD2. ISSN: 0164-0755. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal;
(computer optical disk) CA Section: 61 (Water) Section
cross-reference(s): 10, 20
Selecting appropriate disinfectants and oxidants for water treatment
requires a balance among 4 factors: providing pathogen-free water;
avoiding or minimizing disinfection byproduct prodn.; controlling water
quality parameters (i.e., algae, taste and odor, zebra mussels, clams,
Fe and Mn); and maintaining microbiol. quality of water as it is
distributed to customers. The outlined approach serves as a basis for
water suppliers to evaluate and select alternative disinfectants for
drinking water systems. A decision tree was prepd. to assist utilities in
selecting appropriate disinfectants by weighing the advantages and
disadvantages of individual disinfectants and their combinations to
meet pathogen inactivation requirements, max. contaminant levels for
disinfection byproducts, and max. residual disinfectant levels.
Disinfectants and oxidants discussed are: Cl2, O3, ClO2,
monochloramine, peroxone, KMNO4, UV light, and combinations of
these agents. For each disinfectant, an overview of pathogen
inactivation efficiency and disinfection byproduct formation potential is
presented. Topics covered include: disinfection and oxidn. practices;
alternative disinfectants and oxidants; disinfectant and oxidant
properties; and selecting the appropriate disinfectant.
335.
131:120504
Assessing the secondary impacts of enhanced coagulation.
Carlson, Ken; Via, Steve; Bellamy, Bill; Carlson, Mark (Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA). Proc. - Water Qual. Technol.
Conf., 1034-1059 (English) 1998 American Water Works Association.
CODEN: PWQCD2. ISSN: 0164-0755. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal;
(computer optical disk) CA Section: 61 (Water) Section
cross-reference(s): 10, 60
The primary objective to implement either enhanced coagulation or
enhanced softening is to increase removal of disinfection byproduct
precursors and reduce the formation of disinfection byproducts.
Implementing enhanced coagulation or softening can involved major
process modifications and be accompanied by secondary impacts
which can be adverse or beneficial to the treatment process. Major
secondary impacts are identified, and impacts and current mitigation
strategies if these impacts are adverse to plant operations or water
quality are characterized. Topics discussed include: inorg. pollutants
(Mn removal, corrosion control); primary disinfection (Cl2, O3, ClO2);
disinfection byproducts; particle/pathogen removal; and residuals
handling, treatment, and disposal (increased sludge vol., sludge
characteristics).
336.
131:120180
Toxic chemical Release Inventory (TRI) site survey program and
guidance documents.
Rindfusz, Kurt P.; Mahsman, Kirsten; Spengel, Doug; Senthil, Velu
(Eastern Research Group, Inc., Chantilly, VA 20151-1102, USA). Proc.
- TAPPI Int. Environ. Conf., Volume 2, 717-729. TAPPI Press: Atlanta,
Ga. (English) 1999. CODEN: 67VSAC. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Conference CA Section: 60 (Waste Treatment and Disposal) Section
cross-reference(s): 59, 61
The US EPA has implemented a voluntary and confidential site survey
program to continually assess and improve the quality of data
submitted to the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) database. Between
1995 and 1997, EPA conducted site visits to 104 facilities in 6 Std.
Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes to review TRI data from reporting
years 1994 and 1995. Ten of the site visits were to facilities in SIC
Code 26, Paper and Allied Products. This paper summarizes the
results of the site surveys. Aggregated data from facilities in each SIC
Code are compared, and specific errors and issues for the SIC Code
26 facilities are identified. Results of the site surveys show that, in
general, data reported by the 10 facilities that were visited in SIC Code
26 were more accurate than data in the other SIC Codes that were
surveyed. EPA is using the information from the site survey program to
update the TRI Forms and Instructions, and several general and
industry-specific TRI reporting guidance documents.
337.
131:119832
SARA 313 Reporting: the impact of changing emission estimates.
Someshwar, Arun V.; Jain, Ashok K. (Southern Regional Center,
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air & Stream Improvement,
Gainesville, FL 32614-1020, USA). Proc. - TAPPI Int. Environ. Conf.,
Volume 2, 731-744. TAPPI Press: Atlanta, Ga. (English) 1999.
CODEN: 67VSAC. DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference CA Section: 59
(Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene) Section cross-reference(s): 20,
43, 60, 61
Ever since the first reporting year, 1987, National Council for Air and
Stream Improvement has been assisting its member companies in
filling out Form Rs by issuing annual updates to its Handbook for SARA
Section 313 Form R Reporting. Over the years, pulp and paper mills
have relied heavily on the use of industry-wide av. ests. provided in this
Handbook. The task of generating mill-specific ests. for most chems.
is generally quite cumbersome. Unfortunately, however, these ests.
change from year to year. There are several reasons for these
changes, mostly related to periodic generation of new data and to
clarified or uncertain interpretations by both EPA and the regulated
community of the reporting requirements. Thus, trends in annual
releases reported by a particular mill may have little to do with any real
changes in process or prodn.-related activities and more to do with the
use of changing av. ests. published in the Handbook. Using three
model mills, one unbleached kraft and two bleached kraft, the predicted
trends in air, water and land releases of several 313 chems. are plotted
for the period between 1987 and 1996, assuming the example mills
strictly use the ests. provided in the Handbook. For comparison
purposes, actual av. releases reported in EPA's Toxic Release
Inventory (TRI) database for chem. pulp mills are also plotted for several
of these chems. The results of this exercise show that in spite of no
changes occurring within the model mills, theor. annual reported
releases go through significant fluctuations. Indeed, quite often,
industry-wide av. releases reported in EPA's TRI database appear to
track the changing av. ests. in the Handbook quite well, underscoring
the role played by these ests., as well as by modified or clarified EPA
interpretations on the reporting requirements for some chems.
338.
131:119789
Evaluation of a chlorine/chlorine dioxide upset monitor.
Mick, Allan; Waren, Dennis (Boise Cascade Corporation, St. Helens,
OR 97051, USA). Proc. - TAPPI Int. Environ. Conf., Volume 2,
461-463. TAPPI Press: Atlanta, Ga. (English) 1999. CODEN:
67VSAC. DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference CA Section: 59 (Air
Pollution and Industrial Hygiene) Section cross-reference(s): 43, 79
Parametric monitoring on a Cl/ClO2 scrubber was unable to detect
carryover of excess amts. of these gases through the system. A
prototype Cl/ClO2 CEMS monitor was tested for 5 mo and found to be
an accurate and reliable upset monitor. The system was placed in
service in Oct. 1998. Boise Cascade Corporation expects to receive
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality approval to use this
monitor to comply with Cluster Rule MACT requirements for bleach
plant scrubber parametric CEMS monitoring.
339.
131:115978
Complexes of chlorine dioxide with nitroxyl radicals.
Ganiev, Ilgiz M.; Timerghazin, Qadir K.; Khalizov, Alexey F.;
Andriyashina, Nadezhda M.; Shereshovets, Valerii V.; Volodarsky,
Leonid B.; Tolstikov, Genrikh A. (Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa
Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia).
Tetrahedron Lett., 40(25), 4737-4740 (English) 1999 Elsevier Science
Ltd. CODEN: TELEAY. ISSN: 0040-4039. DOCUMENT TYPE:
Journal CA Section: 22 (Physical Organic Chemistry)
Chlorine dioxide forms red-colored (lmax=480 nm) CT complexes with
persistent piperidine and imidazoline nitroxyl radicals in di-Et ether,
n-pentane, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride and on silica gel
surface. Equil. consts., enthalpy and entropy of formation and extinction
coeff. of the complex between ClO2 and
2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-oxyl in di-Et ether were detd.
In Et2O the complex is stable under normal conditions, in other media it
transforms into the oxoammonium salt.
340.
131:115601
Comparison of chemical treatments to eliminate enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds.
Taormina, Peter J.; Beuchat, Larry R. (Center for Food Safety and
Quality Enhancement, Department of Food Science and Technology,
University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA). J. Food Prot.,
62(4), 318-324 (English) 1999 International Association of Milk, Food
and Environmental Sanitarians. CODEN: JFPRDR. ISSN:
0362-028X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 17 (Food and
Feed Chemistry)
The focus of this study was to det. the efficacy of various chems. in
eliminating 2.04 to 3.23 log10 CFU/g of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from
alfalfa seeds and to det. the survivability of the pathogen on seeds
stored for prolonged periods at three temps. Significant (P * 0.05)
redns. in populations of E. coli O157:H7 on inoculated seeds were
obsd. after treatments with 500 and 1000 ppm of active chlorine (as
Ca[OCl]2) for 3 but not 10 min and with *2,000 ppm of Ca(OCl)2
regardless of pretreatment with a surfactant. Treatment with 20,000
ppm of active chlorine failed to kill 2.68 log10 CFU/g of seeds.
Acidified NaClO2 (500 ppm) was effective in reducing populations of
the pathogen by >2 logs per g. Acidified ClO2 significantly reduced
populations of E. coli O157:H7 on seeds at concns. *100 ppm, and
500 ppm of ClO2 reduced the pathogen from 2.7 log10 CFU/g to <0.5
CFU/g. Chlorine (as NaOCl) was not effective at concns. *1,000 ppm;
significant redn. was achieved only after treatment with 2,000 ppm for 3
or 10 min. Notable redn. in populations was obsd. after treatment with
30 or 70% C2H5OH, but there was a dramatic decrease in germination
percentage. Treatment with 0.2% H2O2 significantly reduced
populations, and the organism was not detected by direct plating after
treatment with *1% H2O2. Significant redn. in the population of E. coli
O157:H7 occurred after treatment with 1% trisodium phosphate, 40
ppm Tsunami and Vortexx, and 1% Vegi-Clean. A significant
decrease in the no. of E. coli O157:H7 on dry seeds was obsd. within 1
wk of storage at 25 and 37癈, but not at 5癈. Between 1 and 38 wk,
populations on seeds stored at 5癈 remained relatively const. The
pathogen was recovered from alfalfa seeds initially contg. 3.04 log10
CFU/g after storage at 25 or 37癈 for 38 wk but not 54 wk.
341.
131:113547
Experimental observation on acute toxicity and irritative effect of stable
chlorine dioxide.
Shi, Laishun; Xie, Chaoren (Faculty of Chemical Engineering,
Shandong Industrial University, Jinan 250061, Peop. Rep. China).
Zhongguo Xiaoduxue Zazhi, 16(1), 39-40 (Chinese) 1999 Zhongguo
Xiaoduxue Zazhi Bianjibu. CODEN: ZXZAFO. ISSN: 1001-7658.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 10 (Microbial, Algal, and
Fungal Biochemistry)
The oral LD50 of stable chlorine dioxide in mice was > 10000 mg/kg so
it belongs to actually nontoxic substance. The 48-h cumulative irritation
mark of its soln. contg. 9.7-11.4 mg L-1 chloride to skin and conjunctiva
was 0, so it belongs to non-irritative substance.
342.
131:113544
Experimental observation on resistance of Aeromonas and
enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 to three disinfectants.
Chen, Chuntian; Liu, Xizhen; Song, Chenghui; Li, Yan (Institute of
Military Medicine of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang 110031, Peop.
Rep. China). Zhongguo Xiaoduxue Zazhi, 16(1), 32-33 (Chinese) 1999
Zhongguo Xiaoduxue Zazhi Bianjibu. CODEN: ZXZAFO. ISSN:
1001-7658. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 10 (Microbial,
Algal, and Fungal Biochemistry)
The resistance of Aeromonas, Escherichia coli (8099), and
enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 to chlorhexidine diacetate were
decreased in proper order. The resistance to chlorine dioxide showed
no significant difference between these organisms and the resistance
of E. coli to perglutaric acid was high.
343.
131:113539
Experimental observation on factors influencing efficacy of chlorine
dioxide in killing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Liu, Xizhen; Chen, Chuntian; Song, Chenghui; Li, Yan; Wang, Chunmei
(Institute of Military Medicine of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang
110031, Peop. Rep. China). Zhongguo Xiaoduxue Zazhi, 16(1), 7-10
(Chinese) 1999 Zhongguo Xiaoduxue Zazhi Bianjibu. CODEN:
ZXZAFO. ISSN: 1001-7658. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section:
10 (Microbial, Algal, and Fungal Biochemistry)
The factors influencing the efficacy of chlorine dioxide in killing E. coli
O157:H7 were obsd. exptl. The efficacy of 400 mg L-1 chlorine dioxide
soln. in killing E. coli O157:H7 on cloth strip was increased with
prolonging the exposure time and the D value for killing bacteria was
1.53 min. The concn. coeff. of chorine dioxide for killing the bacteria
was 1.36 and the temp. coeff. was 1.63. Good bactericidal efficacy
was obtained when the pH value of the soln. was 3-5, while the efficacy
decreased significantly when the pH value was > 7. Its germicidal
efficacy decreased significantly when the bacterial suspension used for
contaminating the cloth strip contained 20% calf serum.
344.
131:110455
The determination of chlorine dioxide in the presence of other
oxychlorine species.
Farr, J. P. G.; Mustafa, C. M. (School of Metallurgy and Materials, The
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK). Trans. Inst. Met.
Finish., 77(4), 145-148 (English) 1999 Institute of Metal Finishing.
CODEN: TIMFA2. ISSN: 0020-2967. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal;
General Review CA Section: 79 (Inorganic Analytical Chemistry)
A review, with 49 refs., is given on the anal. methods for the detn. of
chlorine dioxide with the objective of finding a simple and specific anal.
procedure.
345.
131:108394
The rotational spectrum of chloryl chloride, ClClO2, in its ground
vibrational state.
Muller, Holger S. P.; Cohen, Edward A.; Christen, Dines (Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena,
CA 91109-8099, USA). J. Chem. Phys., 110(24), 11865-11875
(English) 1999 American Institute of Physics. CODEN: JCPSA6.
ISSN: 0021-9606. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 73
(Optical, Electron, and Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related
Properties)
Rotational spectra of the 4 main isotopomers of ClClO2 which together
span the quantum nos. 10*77 and 0a*34 were studied in selected
regions between 10 and 417 GHz. The in situ syntheses using
reactions between FClO2 and either HCl or BCl3 are described.
Rotational and centrifugal distortion consts. were derived and used for
structure and harmonic force field calcns. The quadrupole coupling
consts. for both Cl nuclei were detd. and the mol. dipole moment was
derived from low field Stark effect measurements in the submillimeter
region. The results are discussed in relation to published results from a
matrix-isolation study, from theor. calcns., and from studies of related
mols.
346.
131:106482
Inactivation kinetics of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with chlorine
dioxide.
Ruffell, Kristen M.; Rennecker, Jason L.; Marinas, Benito J.
(Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA). Proc. - Water
Qual. Technol. Conf., 864-871 (English) 1998 American Water Works
Association. CODEN: PWQCD2. ISSN: 0164-0755. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal; (computer optical disk) CA Section: 61 (Water) Section
cross-reference(s): 10, 67
This study detd. the inactivation kinetics of Cryptosporidium parvum
oocysts using ClO2 as a function of pH. And addnl. goal was to
consolidate all data available in the literature for various types of
reactors and water quality. Results showed that with ClO2 at pH 6, 8,
and 10, inactivation curves included an initial shoulder or lag phase with
no inactivation, followed by pseudo-first order kinetics. Inactivation
efficiency of 99% (2 logs) were achieved at CT values of ~120, 75, and
60 mg-min/L at pH 6, 8, and 10, resp. Results showed an apparent
increased resistance to disinfection with decreasing pH.
347.
131:106479
Sequential chemical disinfection for the control of Giardia and
Cryptosporidium in drinking water.
Finch, G. R.; Neumann, N.; Gyurek, L. L.; Bradbury, J.; Liyanage, L.;
Belosevic, M. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Can.). Proc. - Water
Qual. Technol. Conf., 838-841 (English) 1998 American Water Works
Association. CODEN: PWQCD2. ISSN: 0164-0755. DOCUMENT
TYPE: Journal; (computer optical disk) CA Section: 61 (Water)
The application of chem. disinfectants sequentially have been shown to
provide superior disinfection performance for encysted parasites when
compared to the same disinfectants used singly. This finding may be
of great importance in setting new regulations under the Enhanced
Surface Water treatment rule. Inactivation of Giardia muris cysts, and
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were studied at bench-scale using
ozone or chlorine dioxide in combination with chlorine species. The
findings suggest that for both Giardia and Cryptosporidium, a 0.5 to 1
log-unit benefit may be possible under the conditions studied when
compared to the use of the disinfectants singly. The use of
combinations of disinfectants may provide a practical, cost effective
method for water utilities to achieve control of waterborne parasites.
Further research is necessary to develop design criteria.
348.
131:106477
Evaluating disinfection processes: Aerobic spore-formers as a
surrogate for Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
Barbeau, Benoit; Myre, Isabelle; Facile, Nathalie; Desjardinsand,
Raymond; Prevost, Michele (Departement of Civil Engineering,
Environment, E.P.M.: Ecole Polytechnique de Montr6al,
NSERC-Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7,
Can.). Proc. - Water Qual. Technol. Conf., 818-829 (English) 1998
American Water Works Association. CODEN: PWQCD2. ISSN:
0164-0755. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; (computer optical disk) CA
Section: 61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 10
This study evaluated the resistance of aerobic spores to chlorination,
ozonization, and ClO2 under lab. conditions. The effect of pH was also
assessed for each type of disinfectant. During the expts., 2 strains of
aerobic spore-forming bacteria were inactivated to evaluate the
variation in resistance between species of the same genus.
Disinfectant concn. vs. contact time (CT) were compared with that
given for Giardia in the Surface Water Treatment Rule Guidance
Manual. The following conclusions were made: environmental spores
represent a conservative surrogate for Giardia since the CT values are
higher; inactivation rate is greater at pH 6.3 than at 8.2 because O3
decompn. is slower at lower pH; as obsd. by others, substantial
differences in the resistance to disinfection exist among species of the
Bacillus genus; and more data about the resistance of a mixed
indigenous population of aerobic spore-forming bacteria could be used
as a general indicator of disinfection efficiency.
349.
131:106446
Reduction of Norwalk virus, poliovirus 1, and coliphage MS2 by free
chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone disinfection of water.
Shin, Gwy-Am; Battigelli, David; Sobsey, Mark D. (Dept. Envr. Sci. &
Eng. CB 7400, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
NC 27599, USA). Proc. - Water Qual. Technol. Conf., 83-98 (English)
1998 American Water Works Association. CODEN: PWQCD2. ISSN:
0164-0755. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; (computer optical disk) CA
Section: 61 (Water) Section cross-reference(s): 10
A study was conducted to det. Norwalk virus (NV) redn. by free Cl2,
ClO2, and O3 in bench-scale disinfection expts. using quant. RT-PCR
virus assays; and compare NV redns. to other health-related viruses,
poliovirus type 1 (PV1) and coliphage MS2. Redn. so PV1 and MS2
based on RT-PCR assays generally under-estd. redns. of virus
infectivity by free Cl2, ClO2, and O3 disinfection. NV was not more
resistant to free Cl2, ClO2, and O3 than were the other viruses. Results
indicated NV is not highly resistant to free Cl2 disinfection as
suggested in previous work (B.H. Keswick, et al., 1985). NV was also
relatively sensitive to ClO2, and was reduced rapidly and extensively by
O3 disinfection.
350.
131:105947
An intercomparison of NO2 and OClO measurements at arrival heights,
Antarctica.
Sanders, R. W.; Solomon, S.; Kreher, K.; Johnston, P. V. (NOAA/ERL
Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA). J. Atmos. Chem., 33(3),
283-298 (English) 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. CODEN:
JATCE2. ISSN: 0167-7764. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section:
59 (Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene) Section cross-reference(s): 53
For several years NO2 and OClO, two species important to
understanding ozone destruction in the Antarctic stratosphere, have
been measured at Arrival Heights, Antarctica by two groups: New
Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atm. Research (NIWA) and
the NOAA Aeronomy Lab. in Boulder, Colorado. Using data
independently collected by these two groups during the Austral spring
of 1996, it is shown that the two data sets are in extremely close
agreement. Besides offering validation of the instrumentation and anal.
techniques of both groups, this result provides confidence in the more
complete history of these species gained by combining the two data
sets.